HISTOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO DETERMINATION OF STEM CELLS IN NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS WHICH ARE CREATED EXPERIMENTALLY

Abstract Objective Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the most serious and common birth defects in the clinic. The SRY-related HMG box B1 (SoxB1) gene family has been implicated in different processes of early embryogenesis. Sox19b is a maternally expressed gene in the SoxB1 family that is found in the region of the presumptive central nervous system (CNS), but its role and mechanism in embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) during neural tube development have not yet been explored. Considering that Sox19b is specific to bony fish, we intended to investigate the role and mechanism of Sox19b in neural tube development in zebrafish embryos. Material and methods Morpholino (MO) antisense oligonucleotides were used to construct a Sox19b loss-of-function zebrafish model. The phenotype and the expression of related genes were analysed by in situ hybridization and immunolabelling. Epigenetic modifications were detected by western blot and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results In this study, we found that zebrafish embryos exhibited a reduced or even deleted forebrain phenotype after the expression of the Sox19b gene was inhibited. Moreover, we found for the first time that knockdown of Sox19b reduced the proliferation of NSCs; increased the transcription levels of Ngn1, Ascl1, HuC, Islet1, and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors; and led to premature differentiation of NSCs. Finally, we found that knockdown of Sox19b decreased the levels of EZH2/H3K27me3 and decreased the level of H3K27me3 at the promoters of Ngn1 and ascl1a. Conclusion Together, our data demonstrate that Sox19b plays an essential role in early NSC proliferation and differentiation through EZH2-mediated histone methylation in neural tube development. This study established the role of transcription factor Sox19b and epigenetic factor EZH2 regulatory network on NSC development, which provides new clues and theoretical guidance for the clinical treatment of neural tube defects.

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Isolation of Human Neural Stem Cells from the Amniotic Fluid with Diagnosed Neural Tube Defects

Stem Cells and Development ◽

10.1089/scd.2014.0516 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (15) ◽

pp. 1740-1750 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yu-Jen Chang ◽

Hong-Lin Su ◽

Lee-Feng Hsu ◽

Po-Jui Huang ◽

Tzu-Hao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Neural Stem Cells ◽

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Tube Defects ◽

Human Neural Stem Cells

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Enhanced Reclosure of Surgically Induced Spinal Open Neural Tube Defects in Chick Embryos by Injecting Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells Into the Amniotic Cavity

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/01.neu.0000371048.76494.0f ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 129-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Do-Hun Lee ◽

Ji Hoon Phi ◽

Seung-Ki Kim ◽

Byung-Kyu Cho ◽

Seung U. Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Tube Defects ◽

Bone Marrow Stem Cells ◽

Human Bone ◽

Human Bone Marrow ◽

Chick Embryos ◽

Amniotic Cavity ◽

Surgically Induced

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Evaluation of four "kit" immunoassay methods for determination of alpha-fetoprotein in serum during pregnancy.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/25.11.1905 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 25 (11) ◽

pp. 1905-1908 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

P Y Wong ◽

T A Doran ◽

F F Ho ◽

A V Mee

Keyword(s):

Neural Tube ◽

Neural Tube Defects ◽

North American ◽

Alpha Fetoprotein ◽

Analytical Recovery

Abstract We evaluated four immunoassay methods for determination of alpha-fetoprotein in serum. All are commercially available in kit form in North American and we find them acceptable with respect to sensitivity, stability, precision, linearity, and analytical recovery. For the Dainabott method, the median values from 16 through 20 weeks of gestation are 34.4, 38.1, 42.1, 51.4, and 66.3 micrograms/L for each week, respectively. Corresponding values for the Amersham method are 27.9, 31.4, 34.9, 38.2, and 54.0 micrograms/L, respectively. For the Behring-RIA method they are 33.4, 37.4, 39.4, 49.9, and 66.3 micrograms/L, respectively. Results for four cases of confirmed neural tube defects are presented.

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