Holocene Development and Permafrost History of the Usinsk Mire, Northeast European Russia

Abstract This study discusses Holocene vegetation succession, permafrost dynamics and peat accumulation in the Usinsk mire, located in the Pechora lowlands of Northeast European Russia. At present, the area is situated in the extreme northern taiga subzone near the southern limit of permafrost. Reconstructions are based on plant macrofossil analysis, physico-chemical analysis and AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating of two peat profiles investigated in detail. Additional information is available from seven other sites. Organic accumulation started at ca. 11 350 BP (14C yrs). Terrestrialization of ponds was the most common pathway for mire initiation. During a large part of their history, the sites have been Cyperaceae-dominated fens. A change into Sphagnum-dominated ecosystems is recorded at 3700-3000 BP. Permafrost became established around 2300 BP, although first signs of embryonic palsa formation can be tentatively traced back to about 2900 BP. Palsas and peat plateaus have experienced several periods of freezing and entire or partial thawing. The extant permafrost stages are young. The long-term carbon accumulation rate in the investigated sites is 19 g/m2/yr. The average rate of carbon accumulation in the dynamic permafrost stage is 23 g/m2/yr.

Download Full-text

Spatiotemporal variations in the organic carbon accumulation rate in mangrove sediments from the Yingluo Bay, China, since 1900

Acta Oceanologica Sinica ◽

10.1007/s13131-021-1864-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yao Zhang ◽

Xianwei Meng ◽

Peng Xia ◽

Jun Zhang ◽

Dahai Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Carbon Accumulation ◽

Spatiotemporal Variations ◽

Mangrove Sediments ◽

Carbon Accumulation Rate ◽

Yingluo Bay

Download Full-text

Hydrological changes in the Rzecin peatland (Puszcza Notecka, Poland) induced by anthropogenic factors: Implications for mire development and carbon sequestration

The Holocene ◽

10.1177/0959683616670468 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 651-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Krystyna Milecka ◽

Grzegorz Kowalewski ◽

Barbara Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł ◽

Mariusz Gałka ◽

Mariusz Lamentowicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Human Activity ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Carbon Accumulation ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Poor Fen ◽

History Of ◽

Carbon Accumulation Rates

Wetlands are very vulnerable ecosystems and sensitive to changes in the ground water table. For the last few thousand years, hydrological balance has also been influenced by human activity. To improve their cropping features, drainage activity and fertilizing were applied. The drainage process led to an abrupt change of environment, the replacement of plant communities and the entire ecosystem. The problem of carbon sequestration is very important nowadays. A higher accumulation rate is related to higher carbon accumulation, but the intensity of carbon sequestration depends on the type of mire, habitat, and climatic zone. The main aim of this article was an examination of the changes in poor-fen ecosystem during the last 200 years in relation to natural and anthropogenic factors, using paleoecological methods (pollen and macrofossils). The second aim was a detailed investigation of the sedimentary record to aid our understanding of carbon sequestration in the poor fen of temperate zone. This case study shows that fens in temperate zones, in comparison with boreal ones, show higher carbon accumulation rates which have been especially intensive over the last few decades. To reconstruct vegetation changes, detailed palynological and macrofossil analyses were done. A 200-year history of the mire revealed that it was influenced by human activity to much degree. However, despite the nearby settlement and building of the drainage ditch, the precious species and plant communities still occur.

Download Full-text

Constraints on carbon accumulation rate and net primary production in the Lopingian (Late Permian) tropical peatland in SW China

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology ◽

10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.12.019 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 300 (1-4) ◽

pp. 152-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hao Wang ◽

Longyi Shao ◽

David J. Large ◽

Paul B. Wignall

Keyword(s):

Primary Production ◽

Net Primary Production ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Carbon Accumulation ◽

Late Permian ◽

Sw China ◽

Tropical Peatland ◽

Carbon Accumulation Rate

Download Full-text

Water and heat availability are drivers of the aboveground plant carbon accumulation rate in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau

Global Ecology and Biogeography ◽

10.1111/geb.13006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 50-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jian Sun ◽

Tian‐Cai Zhou ◽

Miao Liu ◽

You‐Chao Chen ◽

Guo‐Hua Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tibetan Plateau ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Carbon Accumulation ◽

The Tibetan Plateau ◽

Alpine Grasslands ◽

Carbon Accumulation Rate

Download Full-text

Response of a warm temperate peatland to Holocene climate change in northeastern Pennsylvania

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1016/j.yqres.2011.01.003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 531-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Shanshan Cai ◽

Zicheng Yu

Keyword(s):

Accumulation Rate ◽

Carbon Accumulation ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

High Accumulation ◽

Southern Limit ◽

Proxy Records ◽

Poor Fen ◽

Northern Peatlands ◽

Warm Temperate ◽

Northeastern Pennsylvania

AbstractStudying boreal-type peatlands near the edge of their southern limit can provide insight into responses of boreal and sub-arctic peatlands to warmer climates. In this study, we investigated peatland history using multi-proxy records of sediment composition, plant macrofossil, pollen, and diatom analysis from a 14C-dated sediment core at Tannersville Bog in northeastern Pennsylvania, USA. Our results indicate that peat accumulation began with lake infilling of a glacial lake at ~ 9 ka as a rich fen dominated by brown mosses. It changed to a poor fen dominated by Cyperaceae (sedges) and Sphagnum (peat mosses) at ~ 1.4 ka and to a Sphagnum-dominated poor fen at ~ 200 cal yr BP (~ AD 1750). Apparent carbon accumulation rates increased from 13.4 to 101.2 g C m− 2 yr− 1 during the last 8000 yr, with a time-averaged mean of 27.3 g C m− 2 yr− 1. This relatively high accumulation rate, compared to many northern peatlands, was likely caused by high primary production associated with a warmer and wetter temperate climate. This study implies that some northern peatlands can continue to serve as carbon sinks under a warmer and wetter climate, providing a negative feedback to climate warming.

Download Full-text

Spatial Variability of Bomb 14C in an Upland Peat Bog

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200042910 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 1055-1063 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S M L Hardie ◽

M H Garnett ◽

A E Fallick ◽

A P Rowland ◽

N J Ostle

Keyword(s):

Accumulation Rate ◽

Carbon Accumulation ◽

Surface Layers ◽

The North ◽

Sampling Locations ◽

Carbon Accumulation Rate ◽

Blanket Bog ◽

Site Variation ◽

Reference Layer ◽

Surface Peat

As part of a study investigating the carbon balance of a blanket bog, we made an assessment of the spatial variation of radiocarbon concentrations in the surface layers of a small area of peatland in the north of England. The peat depth at which bomb-14C content was the highest varied considerably between cores sampled from across the site. At several sampling locations, 14C levels >100% Modern were confined to the surface 8 cm, whereas bomb 14C was evident at 1 site, located only meters away, to a depth of at least 12–16 cm. Using the layer where 14C levels first exceeded 100% Modern as a chronological reference layer, we estimated the carbon accumulation rate over the last 50 yr for the surface peat at each site (range ∼20 to ∼125 g C m2 yr-1). Our results show that although carbon accumulation over the last 50 yr was similar across the site, variation in the depth to which bomb 14C was evident implied considerable variation in the vertical peat growth rate.

Download Full-text