Traditional scriptural interpretation and sixteenth-century allegoresis: old and new

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Christian
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Scriptural Interpretation ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Geneva Bible ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Parable Of The Sower

Allegoresis is interpreting a text written with straightforward literal intent as if it were an allegory. In typology, a literal person or object is treated as an anticipatory example of someone or something to come. The Bible was the most important text subject to this kind of reading, including by New Testament writers. A sampling of commentaries on the parable of the sower (Matthew 13) and the rivalry between Mary and Martha (Luke 10) demonstrates the stability of allegorical readings from the patristic to the early modern era. Although the extent to which the Bible was properly read allegorically was hotly debated in the sixteenth century, even William Tyndale’s practice had much in common with traditional four-fold interpretation. Marginal glosses from the Geneva Bible indicate the general acceptance (and by extension, the transparency) of allegorical reading. Spenser’s use of words like “type,” “shadow,” “image,” and “figure” refer to traditional biblical exegesis, adapting a method familiar to Elizabethans from religious sources.

Ornament and Systems of Ordering in the Sixteenth-Century Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1269-1325
Author(s):  
Ethan Matt Kavaler
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era

Early modern ornament might profitably be considered as a set of systems, each with its own rules. It signaled wealth and status. It offered pleasure and prompted curiosity. It cut across the apparent divide between the vernacular and the classicizing. It was relational, understood in the context of a given subject but not necessarily subservient to it. The notion of ornament as essentially supplemental and the prejudice against ornamental excess are both children of the late eighteenth century. Both ideas depend on a post-Enlightenment conviction of the work of art as an autonomous, aesthetically self-sufficient object, an idea not fully formed in the early modern era.

scholarly journals La globalización hispana del comercio y el arte en la Edad Moderna

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Dobado González
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Main Protagonist ◽  
Modern Era

This article shows some important aspects of a worldwide, historical phenomenon: the globalization of commerce and art which started in the second half of the sixteenth century and had the American, Asian and European territories of the Hispanic Monarchy as main protagonist during the Early Modern Era. The international exchanges -basically, American silver in return for more or less luxurious goods from Asia- that followed the discovery by Urdaneta, in 1565, of the “tornaviaje” between Manila and Acapulco had a profound influence on the forms of production and consumption in both the Old World and the New. Spanish economists and economic historians have probably underscored the historical significance of these unprecedented interactions. The central role played by the Viceroyalty of New Spain in this globalization has perhaps not been properly valued either.

The Bible in Sixteenth-Century Scotland

2019 ◽  
pp. 160-172
Author(s):  
Iain R. Torrance
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Book Of Revelation ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Geneva Bible ◽  
King James Version

The Geneva Bible is commonly thought of as a single version produced by the Marian exiles with marginal notes which was disliked by King James VI and superseded by the Authorized or King James Version after 1611. The chapter shows that there were three major text forms in the Geneva Bible tradition: the ‘pure’ Genevans, the Geneva Tomson version which followed Beza’s Latin New Testament, and finally the Geneva Tomson Junius version which added a very extensive commentary to the Book of Revelation. Moreover, study of the material culture of what must be understood as the Geneva Bible ‘project’ shows that different typefaces and different bundling of paratextual additions were designed to appeal to different readerships. Two distinctive Geneva Bible versions were published in Scotland (the Arbuthnot/Bassandyne text of 1579 and the Andro Hart text of 1610). It is suggested that use of the Geneva tradition flourished in Scotland until about 1640 and fostered a highly informed, argumentative sense of separate religious identity.

Combat at Sea

Atlantic Wars ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Plank
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era

Chapter 3 examines combat at sea. Boarding a ship on open water was difficult, and so naval planners and officers experimented to find other means of combat. They developed a variety of incendiary weapons and introduced battle lines and signaling devices to coordinate artillery fire. Beginning in the early sixteenth century, after guns were mounted on the decks of sailing ships, ship captains strove to evade hostile fire and direct the destruction of opposing vessels from a distance. Boarding declined in the sixteenth century, but seamen continued to fight on deck to defend their ships because ships under sail could still be seized from the inside by people already on board, including crew members, captives, and guests. Throughout the early modern era, piracy, mutinies, and insurrections on slaving vessels continued to challenge the authority and interests of ship captains and the evolving norms of naval combat.

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