scholarly journals Enrichment drives emergence of functional columns and improves sensory coding in the whisker map in L2/3 of mouse S1

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M LeMessurier ◽  
Keven J Laboy-Juárez ◽  
Kathryn McClain ◽  
Shilin Chen ◽  
Theresa Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Coding ◽  
Local Tuning ◽  
Sensory Maps ◽  
Neural Populations ◽  
Whisker Map ◽  
Salt And Pepper

Sensory maps in layer (L) 2/3 of rodent cortex lack precise functional column boundaries, and instead exhibit locally heterogeneous (salt-and-pepper) tuning superimposed on smooth global topography. Could this organization be a byproduct of impoverished experience in laboratory housing? We compared whisker map somatotopy in L2/3 and L4 excitatory cells of somatosensory (S1) cortex in normally housed vs. tactile-enriched mice, using GCaMP6s imaging. Normally housed mice had a dispersed, salt-and-pepper whisker map in L2/3, but L4 was more topographically precise. Enrichment (P21 to P46-71) sharpened whisker tuning and decreased, but did not abolish, local tuning heterogeneity. In L2/3, enrichment strengthened and sharpened whisker point representations, and created functional boundaries of tuning similarity and noise correlations at column edges. Thus, enrichment drives emergence of functional columnar topography in S1, and reduces local tuning heterogeneity. These changes predict better touch detection by neural populations within each column.

scholarly journals Tactile enrichment drives emergence of functional columns and improves sensory coding in L2/3 of mouse S1

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. LeMessurier ◽  
Daniel E. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Population Coding ◽  
Sensory Coding ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Local Tuning ◽  
Sensory Maps ◽  
Whisker Map ◽  
Salt And Pepper

SUMMARYSensory maps in layer (L) 2/3 of rodent cortex lack precise functional column boundaries, and instead exhibit locally heterogeneous tuning superimposed on smooth global topography. Could this organization be a byproduct of impoverished experience in laboratory housing? We compared whisker map somatotopy in L2/3 and L4 excitatory cells of somatosensory (S1) cortex in normally housed vs. tactile-enriched mice, using GCaMP6s imaging. Normally housed mice had a dispersed, salt-and-pepper whisker map in L2/3, but L4 was more topographically precise. Enrichment (P21 to P46-71) sharpened whisker tuning and decreased, but did not abolish, local tuning heterogeneity. In L2/3, enrichment strengthened and sharpened whisker point representations, and created functional boundaries of tuning similarity and noise correlations at column edges. Thus, tactile experience drives emergence of functional columnar topography in S1, and reduces salt-and-pepper tuning heterogeneity. These changes predict improved single-trial population coding of whisker deflections within each column.

scholarly journals Whisker map organization in somatosensory cortex of awake, behaving mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Chin Wang ◽  
Amy M. LeMessurier ◽  
Daniel E. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Parvalbumin Interneurons ◽  
Whisker Map ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Attentive Behavior ◽  
Salt And Pepper

SUMMARYThe whisker map in rodent somatosensory cortex is well characterized under anesthesia, but its organization during awake sensation, when cortical coding can differ strongly, is unknown. Using a novel behavioral task, we measured whisker receptive fields and maps in awake mice with 2-photon calcium imaging in vivo. During a whisker-attentive task, layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons were sharply tuned, with cells tuned to different whiskers intermixed in each column. This salt-and-pepper organization consisted of small clusters of similarly-tuned neurons superimposed on a mean subcolumnar map. Parvalbumin interneurons had broader tuning, and were more homogeneously tuned to the columnar whisker. During a sound-attentive task, whisker tuning of pyramidal cells was less heterogeneous in each column, and firing correlations increased. Thus, behavioral demands modulate fine-scale map structure, and decorrelate the whisker map during whisker-attentive behavior.

scholarly journals Author response: Enrichment drives emergence of functional columns and improves sensory coding in the whisker map in L2/3 of mouse S1

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M LeMessurier ◽  
Keven J Laboy-Juárez ◽  
Kathryn McClain ◽  
Shilin Chen ◽  
Theresa Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Author Response ◽  
Sensory Coding ◽  
Whisker Map

Enhancing the Performance of One Dimensional Median Filter

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Sharanabasappa ◽  
P Ravibabu
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Noise ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Median Filter ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Salt And Pepper Noise ◽  
Edge Preservation ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Filter Architecture ◽  
Salt And Pepper

Nowadays, during the process of Image acquisition and transmission, image information data can be corrupted by impulse noise. That noise is classified as salt and pepper noise and random impulse noise depending on the noise values. A median filter is widely used digital nonlinear filter  in edge preservation, removing of impulse noise and smoothing of signals. Median filter is the widely used to remove salt and pepper noise than rank order filter, morphological filter, and unsharp masking filter. The median filter replaces a sample with the middle value among all the samples present inside the sample window. A median filter will be of two types depending on the number of samples processed at the same cycle i.e, bit level architecture and word level architecture.. In this paper, Carry Look-ahead Adder median filter method will be introduced to improve the hardware resources used in median filter architecture for 5 window and 9 window for 8 bit and 16 bit median filter architecture.

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