Seroprevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Free-Ranging African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Kruger National Park, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya J. Kerr ◽  
Candice R. de Waal ◽  
Peter E. Buss ◽  
Jennifer Hofmeyr ◽  
Konstantin P. Lyashchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
National Park ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Distribution and status of the African elephant Loxodonta africana in South Africa, 1652-1992

Koedoe ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Hall-Martin
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Population Growth Rates ◽  
Elephant Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Consequent Increase

The historical decline of African elephants to a low of 120 animals in 1920, and their subsequent recovery to over 10 000 is described for the major populations of South Africa. Population growth rates of 6,8 and 6,7 per annum are derived from census and estimates for the Kruger National Park and the Addo Elephant National Park respectively. The reasons for elephant population control in the Kruger National Park, and the impact of elephants on both the Kruger and Addo environments, are discussed. The translocation of young elephants to found new populations is mentioned. The consequent increase of elephant range and numbers in the next decade to a possible maximum of 31 000 km2 and 13 000 animals, is envisaged.

Vocal stress associated with a translocation of a family herd of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa

Bioacoustics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozua Jakobus Viljoen ◽  
Andre Ganswindt ◽  
Christopher Reynecke ◽  
Angela S. Stoeger ◽  
William Richard Langbauer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
African Elephants

Baseline Hematologic Results for Free-ranging White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) in Kruger National Park, South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 916-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Miller ◽  
Peter Buss ◽  
Rachel Wanty ◽  
Sven Parsons ◽  
Paul van Helden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Ceratotherium Simum ◽  
White Rhinoceros ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Coccidian oocyst and nematode egg counts of free-ranging African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa : research communication

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Penzhorn
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
African Buffalo ◽  
Syncerus Caffer ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Coccidian Oocyst ◽  
Free Ranging

Faecal specimens collected in the Kruger National Park from 103 African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) up to 1 year old and 283 buffaloes older than 1 year were examined for the presence of coccidian oocysts and nematode eggs. Most specimens from animals older than 1 year had negative coccidian oocyst counts. Positive specimens from younger animals had significantly higher coccidian oocyst counts than those from older animals. No such difference was found for nematode egg counts.

scholarly journals ELEPHANT (LOXODONTA AFRICANA) DIETS IN KRUGER NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH AFRICA: SPATIAL AND LANDSCAPE DIFFERENCES

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqui Codron ◽  
Julia A. Lee-Thorp ◽  
Matt Sponheimer ◽  
Daryl Codron ◽  
Rina C. Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
Kruger National Park

scholarly journals The VetMAXTM M. tuberculosis Complex PCR Kit detects MTBC DNA in antemortem and postmortem samples from White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), African elephants (Loxodonta africana) and African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wynand Johan Goosen ◽  
Tanya Jane Kerr ◽  
Léanie Kleynhans ◽  
Peter Buss ◽  
David Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
White Rhinoceros ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Culture Negative

Abstract Background: Bovine tuberculosis and tuberculosis are chronic infectious diseases caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis , respectively. Infection with M. bovis and M. tuberculosis have significant implications for wildlife species management, public health, veterinary disease control, and conservation endeavours. Results : Here we describe the first use of the VetMAX TM Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection kit for African wildlife samples. DNA was extracted from tissues harvested from 48 African buffaloes and MTBC DNA was detected (test-positive) in all 26 M. bovis culture-confirmed animals with an additional 12 PCR-positive results in culture-negative buffaloes (originating from an exposed population). Of six MTBC-infected African rhinoceros tested, MTBC DNA was detected in antemortem and postmortem samples from five animals. The PCR was also able to detect MTBC DNA in samples from two African elephants confirmed to have M. bovis and M. tuberculosis infections (one each). Culture-confirmed uninfected rhinoceros and elephants’ samples tested negative in the PCR assay.Conclusions: These results suggest this new detection kit is a sensitive screening test for the detection of MTBC-infected African buffaloes, African elephants and white rhinoceros.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds Obtained from Breath and Feces to Detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Doñana National Park, Spain

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Nol ◽  
Radu Ionescu ◽  
Tesfalem Geremariam Welearegay ◽  
Jose Angel Barasona ◽  
Joaquin Vicente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Doñana National Park ◽  
Volatile Organic

The presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in wild swine, such as in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Eurasia, is cause for serious concern. Development of accurate, efficient, and noninvasive methods to detect MTBC in wild swine would be highly beneficial to surveillance and disease management efforts in affected populations. Here, we describe the first report of identification of volatile organic compounds (VOC) obtained from the breath and feces of wild boar to distinguish between MTBC-positive and MTBC-negative boar. We analyzed breath and fecal VOC collected from 15 MTBC-positive and 18 MTBC-negative wild boar in Donaña National Park in Southeast Spain. Analyses were divided into three age classes, namely, adults (>2 years), sub-adults (12–24 months), and juveniles (<12 months). We identified significant compounds by applying the two-tailed statistical t-test for two samples assuming unequal variance, with an α value of 0.05. One statistically significant VOC was identified in breath samples from adult wild boar and 14 were identified in breath samples from juvenile wild boar. One statistically significant VOC was identified in fecal samples collected from sub-adult wild boar and three were identified in fecal samples from juvenile wild boar. In addition, discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used to build classification models for MTBC prediction in juvenile animals. Using DFA, we were able to distinguish between MTBC-positive juvenile wild boar and MTBC-negative juvenile wild boar using breath VOC or fecal VOC. Based on our results, further research is warranted and should be performed using larger sample sizes, as well as wild boar from various geographic locations, to verify these compounds as biomarkers for MTBC infection in this species. This new approach to detect MTBC infection in free-ranging wild boar potentially comprises a reliable and efficient screening tool for surveillance in animal populations.

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