Abstract
Since 1986, earthquakes have occurred in East Groningen , but most houses, schools and are made of unreinforced masonry, which must now withstand magnitude 4 earthquakes. This has created an urgent need to assess large amounts of buildings in a fast but reliable manner. The out-of-plane behaviour is important for seismic assessments of unreinforced masonry buildings. Although the most accurate analysis method to determine the out-of-plane response of such walls is non-linear time-history analysis ( NLTH ), non-linear kinematic analysis ( NLKA ) provides a simple, fast but still reliable solution due to the computational difficulties of NLTH for structures constructed of unreinforced masonry. In this paper, the out-of-plane behaviours of masonry structures are up-scaled from a component scale to a provincial scale in a multi-scale manner. A map-oriented database is established to describe both local behaviours of walls and global behaviours of a province. The out-of-plane assessment by non-linear kinematic analysis ( NLKA ) is automated via the database without further calculations after the static analysis. The database provides a solid guidance to determine which detailed assessment methods will be adopted with limited data before a FEM model is built
A Multi-Scale Analysis Based on a Map-Oriented Database for the Out-of-Plane Seismic Behaviour of Masonry Structures
