Objective Evaluation of Efficacy of Decortication in Chronic Pleural Empyema in Adult Patients

Background: Chronic pleural empyema (CPE) is the last phase of the triphasic process of pleural empyema development. Lung decortication is the corner stone in management of chronic empyema. This study aimed to objectively evaluate the efficacy of conventional decortication operation in chronic pleural empyema in adult patients. Also to prove that decortication of variable sizes of chronic empyema thoracis lesions is followed by improvement considering respiratory impairment. Methods: This prospective clinical study was conducted on 103 patients undergoing elective lung decortication operation for management of chronic empyema. All patients were subjected to the history taking, general examination, chest examination, computed tomography (CT), pulmonary function test and arterial blood gases. Postoperative evaluation was done in outpatient clinic 6 months post operatively including: Full clinical examination, investigations (acute phase reactants, CT chest, PFT and arterial blood gases. Results: Total leucocytic count, ESR 1st hour, ESR 2nd hour and CRP were significantly decreased in post than pre. FEV1 and FVC were significantly increased in post than pre (P <0.001). FEV1 / FVC Ratio was significantly decreased in post than pre (P <0.001). Transverse and antero-posterior diameters of affected hemithorax were significantly increased in post than pre (P <0.001, 0.019 respectively). Transverse and antero-posterior diameters of normal hemithorax were insignificantly different between post and pre. PaO2 and SpO2 were significantly increased in post than pre (P <0.001). PaCO2 was significantly decreased in post than pre (P <0.001). Conclusions: The improvement in the lung function, arterial blood gases, transverse and antero-posterior diameter of affected and normal hemithorax was proposed to have resulted from the decortication in chronic empyema thoracis. Decortication of variable sizes of chronic pleural empyema lesions is followed by objective improvement considering respiratory impairment.

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Arterial blood gases during and their dynamic changes after cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A prospective clinical study

Resuscitation ◽

10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.06.013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 106 ◽

pp. 24-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Walter Spindelboeck ◽

Geza Gemes ◽

Christa Strasser ◽

Kathrin Toescher ◽

Barbara Kores ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Study ◽

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽

Blood Gases ◽

Prospective Clinical Study ◽

Arterial Blood Gases ◽

Dynamic Changes ◽

Arterial Blood

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Precision of arterial blood gases and cutaneous oxygen saturation in healthy non-smokers

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation ◽

10.3109/00365518909089093 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 265-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. A. Grebstad ◽

L. Svendsen ◽

A. Gulsvik

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Blood Gases ◽

Arterial Blood Gases ◽

Arterial Blood

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Pathophysiology and clinical consequences of arterial blood gases and pH after cardiac arrest

Intensive Care Medicine Experimental ◽

10.1186/s40635-020-00307-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Chiara Robba ◽

Dorota Siwicka-Gieroba ◽

Andras Sikter ◽

Denise Battaglini ◽

Wojciech Dąbrowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Blood Gases ◽

Metabolic Energy ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Arterial Blood Gases ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Clinical Consequences

AbstractPost cardiac arrest syndrome is associated with high morbidity and mortality, which is related not only to a poor neurological outcome but also to respiratory and cardiovascular dysfunctions. The control of gas exchange, and in particular oxygenation and carbon dioxide levels, is fundamental in mechanically ventilated patients after resuscitation, as arterial blood gases derangement might have important effects on the cerebral blood flow and systemic physiology.In particular, the pathophysiological role of carbon dioxide (CO2) levels is strongly underestimated, as its alterations quickly affect also the changes of intracellular pH, and consequently influence metabolic energy and oxygen demand. Hypo/hypercapnia, as well as mechanical ventilation during and after resuscitation, can affect CO2 levels and trigger a dangerous pathophysiological vicious circle related to the relationship between pH, cellular demand, and catecholamine levels. The developing hypocapnia can nullify the beneficial effects of the hypothermia. The aim of this review was to describe the pathophysiology and clinical consequences of arterial blood gases and pH after cardiac arrest.According to our findings, the optimal ventilator strategies in post cardiac arrest patients are not fully understood, and oxygen and carbon dioxide targets should take in consideration a complex pattern of pathophysiological factors. Further studies are warranted to define the optimal settings of mechanical ventilation in patients after cardiac arrest.

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Arterial blood gases during maximum metabolic demands: Patterns across the vertebrate spectrum

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology ◽

10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110888 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 110888

Author(s):

James W. Hicks ◽

Tobias Wang

Keyword(s):

Blood Gases ◽

Arterial Blood Gases ◽

Arterial Blood

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Arterial Blood Gases in Pranayama Practice

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1978.46.1.171 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 171-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V. Pratap ◽

W. H. Berrettini ◽

C. Smith

Keyword(s):

Blood Gases ◽

Neural Mechanism ◽

Arterial Blood Gases ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Yogic Breathing ◽

The Mind ◽

Calming Effect

Pranayama is a Yogic breathing practice which is known experientially to produce a profound calming effect on the mind. In an experiment designed to determine whether the mental effects of this practice were accompanied by changes in the arterial blood gases, arterial blood was drawn from 10 trained individuals prior to and immediately after Pranayama practice. No significant changes in arterial blood gases were noted after Pranayama. A neural mechanism for the mental effects of this practice is proposed.

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Respiratory syncytial virus infection in anesthetized weanling rather than adult rats prolongs the apneic responses to right atrial injection of capsaicin

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.01436.2006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 102 (6) ◽

pp. 2201-2206 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Wenhong Peng ◽

Jianguo Zhuang ◽

Kevin S. Harrod ◽

Fadi Xu

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Blood Gases ◽

Respiratory Frequency ◽

Right Atrial ◽

Arterial Blood Gases ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Intranasal Inoculation ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Rsv Infection ◽

Syncytial Virus

Apnea is a common complication in infants infected by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). A recent study has shown that intranasal inoculation of RSV in conscious weanling rats strengthens the apneic responses to right atrial injection of capsaicin (CAP), leading to 66% mortality. The objectives of the present study were to determine 1) whether RSV infection changes baseline minute ventilation (V̇e) and arterial blood gases in anesthetized rats; 2) what the effects of RSV infection are on the respiratory responses to CAP; and 3) whether the RSV-strengthened apneic responses are age dependent. Our experiments were conducted in anesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats divided into four groups of weanling and adult rats that received either intranasal inoculation of RSV or virus-free medium. Two days after RSV infection (0.7 ml/kg), animal blood gases, baseline V̇e, and V̇e responses to right atrial injection of three doses of CAP (4, 16, and 64 μg/kg) were measured and compared among the four groups. Our results showed that RSV infection increased respiratory frequency (∼25%, P < 0.05) in weanling but not adult rats, with little effect on arterial blood gases. RSV infection amplified the apneic responses to CAP in weanling but not adult rats, characterized by increases in the initial (40%) and the longest apneic duration (650%), the number of apneic episodes (139%), and the total duration of apneas (60%). These amplifications led to 50% mortality ( P < 0.05). We conclude that RSV infection increases respiratory frequency and strengthens the apneic responses to CAP only in anesthetized weanling but not adult rats.

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Fetal cardiac bypass alters regional blood flows, arterial blood gases, and hemodynamics in sheep

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1992.263.3.h919 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 263 (3) ◽

pp. H919-H928 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S. M. Bradley ◽

F. L. Hanley ◽

B. W. Duncan ◽

R. W. Jennings ◽

J. A. Jester ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Blood Gases ◽

Arterial Blood Gases ◽

Blood Flows ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Cardiac Bypass ◽

Regional Blood Flows ◽

Placental Blood ◽

Fetal Organs ◽

Placental Blood Flow

Successful fetal cardiac bypass might allow prenatal correction of some congenital heart defects. However, previous studies have shown that fetal cardiac bypass may result in impaired fetal gas exchange after bypass. To investigate the etiology of this impairment, we determined whether fetal cardiac bypass causes a redistribution of fetal regional blood flows and, if so, whether a vasodilator (sodium nitroprusside) can prevent this redistribution. We also determined the effects of fetal cardiac bypass with and without nitroprusside on fetal arterial blood gases and hemodynamics. Eighteen fetal sheep were studied in utero under general anesthesia. Seven fetuses underwent bypass without nitroprusside, six underwent bypass with nitroprusside, and five were no-bypass controls. Blood flows were determined using radionuclide-labeled microspheres. After bypass without nitroprusside, placental blood flow decreased by 25–60%, whereas cardiac output increased by 15–25%. Flow to all other fetal organs increased or remained unchanged. Decreased placental blood flow after bypass was accompanied by a fall in PO2 and a rise in PCO2. Nitroprusside improved placental blood flow, cardiac output, and arterial blood gases after bypass. Thus fetal cardiac bypass causes a redistribution of regional blood flow away from the placenta and toward the other fetal organs. Nitroprusside partially prevents this redistribution. Methods of improving placental blood flow in the postbypass period may prove critical to the success of fetal cardiac bypass.

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Ventilatory responses of hamsters and rats to hypoxia and hypercapnia

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1985.59.6.1955 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 1955-1960 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

B. R. Walker ◽

E. M. Adams ◽

N. F. Voelkel

Keyword(s):

Duty Cycle ◽

Minute Ventilation ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Blood Gases ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Arterial Blood Gases ◽

Ventilatory Responses ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Rat Experiments ◽

Fossorial Species

As a fossorial species the hamster differs in its natural habitat from the rat. Experiments were performed to determine possible differences between the ventilatory responses of awake hamsters and rats to acute exposure to hypoxic and hypercapnic environments. Ventilation was measured with the barometric method while the animals were conscious and unrestrained in a sealed plethysmograph. Tidal volume (VT), respiratory frequency (f), and inspiratory (TI) and expiratory (TE) time measurements were made while the animals breathed normoxic (30% O2), hypercapnic (5% CO2), or hypoxic (10% O2) gases. Arterial blood gases were also measured in both species while exposed to each of these atmospheric conditions. During inhalation of normoxic gas, the VT/100 g was greater and f was lower in the hamster than in the rat. Overall minute ventilation (VE/100 g) in the hamster was less than in the rat, which was reflected in the lower PO2 and higher PCO2 of the hamster arterial blood. When exposed to hypercapnia, the hamster increased VE/100 g solely through VT; however, the VE/100 g increase was significantly less than in the rat. In response to hypoxia, the hamster and rat increased VE/100 g by similar amounts; however, the hamster VE/100 g increase was through f alone, whereas the rat increased both VT/100 g and f. Mean airflow rates (VT/TI) were no different in the hamster or rat in each gas environment; therefore most of the ventilatory responses were the result of changes in TI and TE and respiratory duty cycle (TI/TT).

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