Tourism distribution in a transitional economy: Hotel ownership and distribution channels in Vietnam

<p>This thesis investigates how the different up-market hotel ownership modes establish distribution channels to reach domestic and international tourism markets in the context of Vietnam’s transitional economy, which has been transforming from a centrally planned to a socialist market oriented economy since 1986. It seeks to understand the current distribution channel structures of various hotel ownership modes; to explore the ways in which a number of factors influence distribution structures; and to examine the implications of these structures and factors for hotel and tourism development in Vietnam and in other economies with similar socio-political characteristics. A conceptual framework for hotel distribution channels is developed from a combination of the predominantly Western literature and the fragmented literature on hotel distribution in transition economies. The conceptual framework enables the researcher to investigate the linkages and relationships among the components that constitute the current Vietnamese hotel distribution systems. A qualitative approach is applied to address the supply-side issues of hotel distribution with data collected in the three largest urban cities located in the Northern, Central and Southern parts of Vietnam. The data collection methods were in-depth semi-structured interviews and document compilation. Different groups of participants from the Vietnam tourism industry including senior staff of sales and marketing of the four- and five-star hotels, international tour operators, high-ranking government officials of central and provincial authorities of tourism, key officers of trade organisations and academics from these cities were interviewed. The research presents the current distribution channel structures employed by four hotel ownership modes to reach domestic and international travellers. The findings also reveal that international joint venture and wholly foreign-owned hotels have effectively established their distribution channels to reach the international market. The entry of these international ownership modes as a result of Vietnam’s economic reform has forced state- and domestic privately-owned hotels to also build market-driven distribution structures. Economic restructuring in the context of Vietnam’s international integration has been the key element in creating the legal system, economic development, international tourist demand, technological advances, patterns of demand, hotel ownership and management modes that have driven the development of distribution. The research concludes that different hotel ownership and management modes and the distribution channel structures of up-market hotels are the products of Vietnam’s economic restructuring. The research suggests further economic renovation to meet the country’s commitments to international organisations, and to generate an equal tourism and hotel business environment in Vietnam.</p>

Tourism distribution in a transitional economy: Hotel ownership and distribution channels in Vietnam

<p>This thesis investigates how the different up-market hotel ownership modes establish distribution channels to reach domestic and international tourism markets in the context of Vietnam’s transitional economy, which has been transforming from a centrally planned to a socialist market oriented economy since 1986. It seeks to understand the current distribution channel structures of various hotel ownership modes; to explore the ways in which a number of factors influence distribution structures; and to examine the implications of these structures and factors for hotel and tourism development in Vietnam and in other economies with similar socio-political characteristics. A conceptual framework for hotel distribution channels is developed from a combination of the predominantly Western literature and the fragmented literature on hotel distribution in transition economies. The conceptual framework enables the researcher to investigate the linkages and relationships among the components that constitute the current Vietnamese hotel distribution systems. A qualitative approach is applied to address the supply-side issues of hotel distribution with data collected in the three largest urban cities located in the Northern, Central and Southern parts of Vietnam. The data collection methods were in-depth semi-structured interviews and document compilation. Different groups of participants from the Vietnam tourism industry including senior staff of sales and marketing of the four- and five-star hotels, international tour operators, high-ranking government officials of central and provincial authorities of tourism, key officers of trade organisations and academics from these cities were interviewed. The research presents the current distribution channel structures employed by four hotel ownership modes to reach domestic and international travellers. The findings also reveal that international joint venture and wholly foreign-owned hotels have effectively established their distribution channels to reach the international market. The entry of these international ownership modes as a result of Vietnam’s economic reform has forced state- and domestic privately-owned hotels to also build market-driven distribution structures. Economic restructuring in the context of Vietnam’s international integration has been the key element in creating the legal system, economic development, international tourist demand, technological advances, patterns of demand, hotel ownership and management modes that have driven the development of distribution. The research concludes that different hotel ownership and management modes and the distribution channel structures of up-market hotels are the products of Vietnam’s economic restructuring. The research suggests further economic renovation to meet the country’s commitments to international organisations, and to generate an equal tourism and hotel business environment in Vietnam.</p>

Impact of behaviour factors on acquisition performance: mediating role of speed of post-acquisition change

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to increase understanding of the influence of behaviour factors (corporate cultural differences and transformational leadership) on acquisition performance, through the mediating role of speed of post-acquisition change (as a process factor), in the specific context of a transitional economy.Design/methodology/approachA model was tested on a sample of acquisitions in Serbia carried out by domestic and European companies. In total, 208 valid questionnaires were collected from 10 acquired companies. Linear regression analysis was used to test the research hypotheses. To test the mediator hypothesis, Baron and Kenny's (1986) procedure was used. Statistical significance of indirect or mediated effect was calculated with Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) macro provided by Preacher and Hayes (2004).FindingsMediator analysis shows that corporate cultural differences and transformational leadership have direct and indirect impacts on acquisition performance.Practical implicationsThe results may be significant for managers involved in the processes of acquisitions, in terms of helping them to make appropriate decisions in different phases of an acquisition process, so as to obtain sufficient levels of employee commitment and trust to improve acquisition performance.Originality/valueThis research contributes to a better understanding of the relationships between behaviour factors and acquisition performance. In particular, no research into the speed of post-acquisition changes as a mediator variable between behaviour factors and acquisition performance has previously been conducted, to the best of the authors' knowledge. Thus, this research offers a unique understanding in the transitional economy context of Serbia.

Patterns of Forming Entrepreneurial Intention: Evidence in Vietnam

The purpose of this study is to explore the direct and interaction effects of entrepreneurial events (feasibility and desirability) and perceived risk (opportunity and threat) on entrepreneurial intention in a transitional economy – Vietnam. The testing results show that perceived desirability and perceived feasibility have direct and interactive effects on entrepreneur intention. Risk as both threat and as opportunity has direct and moderating effects on entrepreneurial intention.