scholarly journals Tourism distribution in a transitional economy: Hotel ownership and distribution channels in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tuan Ngoc Le
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Transitional Economy ◽  
Management Modes ◽  
Channel Structures

<p>This thesis investigates how the different up-market hotel ownership modes establish distribution channels to reach domestic and international tourism markets in the context of Vietnam’s transitional economy, which has been transforming from a centrally planned to a socialist market oriented economy since 1986. It seeks to understand the current distribution channel structures of various hotel ownership modes; to explore the ways in which a number of factors influence distribution structures; and to examine the implications of these structures and factors for hotel and tourism development in Vietnam and in other economies with similar socio-political characteristics. A conceptual framework for hotel distribution channels is developed from a combination of the predominantly Western literature and the fragmented literature on hotel distribution in transition economies. The conceptual framework enables the researcher to investigate the linkages and relationships among the components that constitute the current Vietnamese hotel distribution systems.  A qualitative approach is applied to address the supply-side issues of hotel distribution with data collected in the three largest urban cities located in the Northern, Central and Southern parts of Vietnam. The data collection methods were in-depth semi-structured interviews and document compilation. Different groups of participants from the Vietnam tourism industry including senior staff of sales and marketing of the four- and five-star hotels, international tour operators, high-ranking government officials of central and provincial authorities of tourism, key officers of trade organisations and academics from these cities were interviewed.  The research presents the current distribution channel structures employed by four hotel ownership modes to reach domestic and international travellers. The findings also reveal that international joint venture and wholly foreign-owned hotels have effectively established their distribution channels to reach the international market. The entry of these international ownership modes as a result of Vietnam’s economic reform has forced state- and domestic privately-owned hotels to also build market-driven distribution structures. Economic restructuring in the context of Vietnam’s international integration has been the key element in creating the legal system, economic development, international tourist demand, technological advances, patterns of demand, hotel ownership and management modes that have driven the development of distribution. The research concludes that different hotel ownership and management modes and the distribution channel structures of up-market hotels are the products of Vietnam’s economic restructuring. The research suggests further economic renovation to meet the country’s commitments to international organisations, and to generate an equal tourism and hotel business environment in Vietnam.</p>

scholarly journals Tourism distribution in a transitional economy: Hotel ownership and distribution channels in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tuan Ngoc Le
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Transitional Economy ◽  
Management Modes ◽  
Channel Structures

<p>This thesis investigates how the different up-market hotel ownership modes establish distribution channels to reach domestic and international tourism markets in the context of Vietnam’s transitional economy, which has been transforming from a centrally planned to a socialist market oriented economy since 1986. It seeks to understand the current distribution channel structures of various hotel ownership modes; to explore the ways in which a number of factors influence distribution structures; and to examine the implications of these structures and factors for hotel and tourism development in Vietnam and in other economies with similar socio-political characteristics. A conceptual framework for hotel distribution channels is developed from a combination of the predominantly Western literature and the fragmented literature on hotel distribution in transition economies. The conceptual framework enables the researcher to investigate the linkages and relationships among the components that constitute the current Vietnamese hotel distribution systems.  A qualitative approach is applied to address the supply-side issues of hotel distribution with data collected in the three largest urban cities located in the Northern, Central and Southern parts of Vietnam. The data collection methods were in-depth semi-structured interviews and document compilation. Different groups of participants from the Vietnam tourism industry including senior staff of sales and marketing of the four- and five-star hotels, international tour operators, high-ranking government officials of central and provincial authorities of tourism, key officers of trade organisations and academics from these cities were interviewed.  The research presents the current distribution channel structures employed by four hotel ownership modes to reach domestic and international travellers. The findings also reveal that international joint venture and wholly foreign-owned hotels have effectively established their distribution channels to reach the international market. The entry of these international ownership modes as a result of Vietnam’s economic reform has forced state- and domestic privately-owned hotels to also build market-driven distribution structures. Economic restructuring in the context of Vietnam’s international integration has been the key element in creating the legal system, economic development, international tourist demand, technological advances, patterns of demand, hotel ownership and management modes that have driven the development of distribution. The research concludes that different hotel ownership and management modes and the distribution channel structures of up-market hotels are the products of Vietnam’s economic restructuring. The research suggests further economic renovation to meet the country’s commitments to international organisations, and to generate an equal tourism and hotel business environment in Vietnam.</p>

scholarly journals MODERN ASPECTS OF ORGANIZATION OF ENTERPRISES’ GOODS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2(14)) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Larysa Valentynivna Babachenko ◽  
Viktoriya Viktorivna Zhydok ◽  
Maksym Mykolaiovych Zabashtanskyi
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Marketing Concept ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Business Entities

Urgency of the research. The use of marketing technologies in the formation of goods distribution channels is a topical issue in the context of organizing a rational system of commodity circulation and establishing a long-term cooperation which involves all its members. Target setting. Traditional distribution channels are not sufficiently effective in modern conditions of management, therefore, at the expense of labor division and successful cooperation, it is necessary to achieve the most effective performance of functions by the participants of the distribution channel. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The study of the marketing distribution system has been carried out in the works of such scholars as O. A. Bilovodska, V. A. Hertsyk, A. F. Pavlenko. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The influence of relationships marketing concept on the activity of forming goods distribution systems requires additional study. The research objective. The purpose of the article is to study the influence of goods distribution system on ensuring the effective functioning of business entities and improving marketing relationships of all members of the distribution channel. The statement of basic material. The influence of marketing distribution systems on the competitiveness of an individual enterprise is being investigated; the need for their effective formation and functioning is being substantiated. The implementation of relationships marketing concept has been proposed, which will help to establish a long-term cooperation of all subjects of the distribution system and will be the basis for the formation of production and distribution systems in market conditions. Conclusions. The necessity of establishing a long-term cooperation of all participants of the distribution system on the basis of implementation of relationships marketing concept, that meets the existing requirements of the market, has been substantiated.

scholarly journals Choice of Modern Food Distribution Channels and Its Welfare Effects: Empirical Evidence from Taiwan

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Yun-Cih Chang ◽  
Min-Fang Wei ◽  
Yir-Hueih Luh
Keyword(s):  
Control Function ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Household ◽  
Decomposition Approach

The determinants and/or economic effects of modern food distribution channels have attracted much attention in previous research. Studies on the welfare consequences of modern channel options, however, have been sparse. Based on a broader definition of modern food distribution channels including midstream processors and downstream retailers (supermarkets, hypermarkets, brand-named retailers), this study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by exploring the distributional implications of farm households’ choice of modern food distribution channels using a large and unique farm household dataset in Taiwan. Making use of the two-step control function approach, we identify the effect of modern food distribution options on farm households’ profitability. The results reveal selling farm produce to modern food distributors does not produce a positive differential compared to the traditional outlets. Another dimension of farm household welfare affected by the choice of modern food distribution channel is income inequality. We apply the Lerman and Yitzhaki decomposition approach to gain a better understanding of the effect of the marketing channel option on the overall distribution of farm household income. The Gini decomposition of different income sources indicates that the choice of modern food distribution channels results in an inequality-equalizing effect among the farm households in Taiwan, suggesting the inclusion of smallholder farmers in the modern food distribution channels improves the overall welfare of the rural society.

scholarly journals ANALISIS RUMAH KABEL BAWAH TANAH PADA PROYEK PEKERJAAN JARINGAN UTILITAS SKTT 150 KV PLUMPANG - GAMBIR

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Redaksi Tim Jurnal
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Shear Stability ◽  
Cable Networks ◽  
Underground Cable ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Soil Instability

Underground cable distribution channels to be excellent especially in big cities like Jakarta. This is because the underground cable distribution is a solution to the difficulty of land acquisition that will be used for top cable networks. Nevertheless, there is an important factor to be considered in implementing the underground cable distribution channel that is the condition of the soil through which the cable. This study aims to determine the dimensions of the cable house was safe from the soil instability. The soil instability are the stability of bolsters and the shear stability and take into account the carrying capacity of the foundation used. The data used as a reference in the analysis using research data that has been done previously. In stability analysis and foundation bearing capacity used Geo5 software demo version aid. The results obtained from the analysis, with variations on the dimensions of the cable house used are 2 mx 2 m, 2.5 mx 2.5 m and 3 mx 3 m, it is seen that the greater the dimensions used then the security number of stability bolsters, soil shear stability and the carrying capacity of the foundation decreases. This is due to the greater the dimensions of the cable house used, the greater the burden borne by the soil.

scholarly journals Distribution Channels for Wine Tourism in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Corporate Groups ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Direct Distribution

<p>This study examines the structure of the distribution channels and the underlying factors influencing the most prominent channel choices within the wine tourism industry in New Zealand. This research specifically compares wine tourism in Marlborough and Auckland. It aims to provide a better understanding of the distribution channels for practitioners in the wine tourism industry, with the hope of assisting them to develop their wine tourism businesses successfully and manage the businesses growth effectively. This is a destination-based study performed by employing qualitative approaches focusing on the supply-side through semi-structured interviews. These in-depth interviews were conducted with the owners or managers of the local wine tour operators and wineries in the two regions. The findings generally show that wine tourism businesses place a clear priority on direct distribution of their wine tourism product to visitors “at destination”; the majority of customers of all these businesses are independent visitors. Specifically, overseas independent tourists comprise the largest portion of customers to local wine tour operators in Marlborough and Auckland. The wine tour operators work more actively with intermediaries and reach tourists “in market”, “while travelling” and “at destination” than wineries in these two regions. Marlborough wineries and Auckland wine tour operators and wineries receive domestic corporate groups, most of whom are approached “at destination” with direct distribution. Compared with wineries in Marlborough, more corporate groups use Auckland wine tour operators to visit wineries. Marlborough wineries and wine tour operators, and Auckland wine tour operators receive more international visitors, whereas the majority of visitors to Auckland wineries are from Auckland. When considering the function of wine tourism distribution channels, information provision, reservation and purchase are nearly equally important to local wine tour operators in both Marlborough and Auckland; the most widely used functions for Marlborough wineries is information provision; for Auckland wineries, information provision and purchase play significant roles in the distribution of wine tourism product. Factors influencing distribution channel choice include information provision cost, commissions, businesses’ attitudes towards tourism, perceptions of the Internet, service diversity, capacity, accessibility, availability, market segments, reputation and nature of intermediaries.</p>

scholarly journals Paths to the Market: analysing tourism distribution channels for community-based tourism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schott
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Channel Structure ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Distribution Structure

<p>This research investigates distribution channels as a critical business mechanism for community-based tourism (CBT) by connecting CBT projects with the market. Specifically, it examines the distribution channels structure of a culture & heritage focused CBT project in Cambodia, explores the key influencing factors behind the observed structure, and develops recommendations for improved economic sustainability. The paper is informed by 21 interviews which were conducted with respondents from Banteay Chhmar CBT, key private sector businesses, NGOs, local and central government, and CBT experts. The examination of the distribution channel structure reveals considerable channel diversity which sees both direct and a variety of indirect channels included in the distribution mix. Due to the community-guided nature of the CBT project, intermediaries had a very strong presence in the distribution structure and maintained both direct and multi-layered indirect channels with consumers. Five factors were identified to underlie the observed distribution structure: commissionable product, product characteristics and market access, information and communication technology, partnership issues, and community capacity. Based on these findings a range of recommendations are proposed that seek to improve the distribution channels related economic sustainability of the CBT project.</p>

A conceptual framework for managing post-disaster reconstruction projects in emerging economies: the case of Angola

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyamagere Gladys Sospeter ◽  
Pantaleo D. Rwelamila ◽  
Joaquim J. Gimbi
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Post Disaster

PurposeThis study develops a conceptual framework appropriate for managing Post-Disaster Reconstruction Projects (PDRPs) so as to avoid cost and time overruns in Angola.Design/methodology/approachAn explanatory sequential mixed research approach was used. Data was collected from project participants within the ministry of planning, the provincial government office of planning and the local government in Angola. A questionnaire with closed questions was completed by 130 survey respondents. Semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with seven participants selected through purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics, t-test and content analysis were used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data, respectively.FindingsThe study indicates that there is presently no formal project management process. Neither have government project management standards been developed and broadcast. This results in ad hoc processes being mostly used for managing PDRPs. The study further presents disaster preparation programme, community engagement, resources and stakeholder's engagement, post-disaster procurement policies, financial guides, post-disaster recovery legislation, context-specific (social economic, demographic, political and cultural variables), programme preparation as essential components to be considered for developing an appropriate framework for managing PDRPs.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited by its geographical settings which focussed the results on one province in Angola. However, the findings can be useful for other countries wishing to gain insights on the framework with “overlooked components” for managing DPRPs in emerging countries with similar disaster environment, government policies and same business environment.Practical implicationsThe framework for managing PDRPs may positively impact project realization, hence minimization of time and cost overruns. The findings are vital for managers, local practitioners and policy/decision-makers in emerging countries of essential components and lessons useful for managing PDRPs and making decisions when they intend to participate in such projects. An understanding of which approaches are critical and essential components of the framework serves as a basis for improving project delivery. Future research studies should describe its practical application.Originality/valueThe study provides insights by identifying an ordered grouped set of project management models/approaches mostly applicable for managing PDRPs in Angola, better understanding of appropriate components/variables to be considered and develops a conceptual framework for managing PDRPs in emerging countries, post-war context.

Examining effectiveness of online and offline channel integration

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Heon Oh
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Graphic User Interface ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Channel Integration ◽  
Product Service

Purpose Channel conflicts between initial providers (IPs) and independent middlemen (IMM) can hinder the market penetration of IPs, especially for small- and medium-sized enterprises with low brand awareness. Design/methodology/approach A case study is used to describe the introduction of an agent-friendly graphic user interface (AFGUI) as a compromise for the basic needs of the IP and IMM, both for the successful market entry of IPs and to encourage the IMM to accept original brand manufacturing (OBM), which can maximize the benefits of IPs after a successful product/service launch. Findings This case study shows that the AFGUI significantly contributes to increasing the IMM’s OBM selection. Comparing the “before AFGUI introduction” group to the group of IMMs who have been SeaHerb’s – a manufacturer of brown seaweed extract – IMM for fewer than three years shows that the latter group’s OBM selection can positively affect the order amount. Originality/value The AFGUI can integrate traditional offline distribution channel systems into online distribution systems. Regarding the AFGUI’s functional effectiveness for preventing fake sellers and fake products, further research on its adoption by online platform providers (e.g. Amazon and eBay) is recommended.

Global E-Banking Trends

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Sujana Adapa
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Bank Branches ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Traditional Mode ◽  
The Impact

The traditional mode of delivering products and services by banks to the consumers’ is through a single distribution channel and that is physical bank branches. Financial services industry is metamorphosing due to the advent of internet, rapid technological evolutions, deregulation, globalization as well as the impact of changing competitive and regulatory forces. In order to cope with the quick changes in the business scenario, banks started to rely on distribution channels as an alternative strategy for differentiation and gaining further competitive advantage. The abovementioned paved way for the development of the ebanking phenomena. This chapter attempts to provide a comprehensive explanation of what ebanking is, the evolution of ebanking, existing trends of ebanking in developed, developing and newly industrialized nations, future directions for further possible research and concluding remarks. The content provided in this chapter would be useful for existing and potential banks to better understand the global ebanking trends and thus aid in the effective formulation of channel management strategies and reap the benefits out of it.

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