The Causes of Anxiety in Highly Anxious Students in Japanese Communicative EFL Classes

The purpose of this study was to identify the causes of speaking anxiety in highly anxious students, of which their teachers might not have been aware, and solutions to alleviate the problem. Sixteen students from a Japanese language-oriented university participated in an interview survey. The participants’ anxiety levels were measured using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire that included five items related to foreign language classroom anxiety. The results were compared to the results of interviews with their teachers, and interesting responses from the student interviews that their teachers did not raise were highlighted. The main causes of anxiety were an unpleasant classroom environment, peer pressure, and non-ideal class types. Students argued for several strategies to reduce the anxiety associated with speaking practice, increase their use of English, and improve their proficiency. To achieve these strategies, teachers need to take into account the opinions of students they did not previously focus on.

An Approach to the Construction of a Recursive Argument of Polynomial Evaluation in the Discrete Log Setting

Succinct Non-interactive Arguments of Knowledge (SNARks) are receiving a lot of attention as a core privacy-enhancing technology for blockchain applications. Polynomial commitment schemes are important building blocks for the construction of SNARks. Polynomial commitment schemes enable the prover to commit to a secret polynomial of the prover and convince the verifier that the evaluation of the committed polynomial is correct at a public point later. Bünz et al. recently presented a novel polynomial commitment scheme with no trusted setup in Eurocrypt’20. To provide a transparent setup, their scheme is built over an ideal class group of imaginary quadratic fields (or briefly, class group). However, cryptographic assumptions on a class group are relatively new and have, thus far, not been well-analyzed. In this paper, we study an approach to transpose Bünz et al.’s techniques in the discrete log setting because the discrete log setting brings a significant improvement in efficiency and security compared to class groups. We show that the transposition to the discrete log setting can be obtained by employing a proof system for the equality of discrete logarithms over multiple bases. Theoretical analysis shows that the transposition preserves security requirements for a polynomial commitment scheme.

Galois covers of ℙ1 and number fields with large class groups

For each finite subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], and for each integer [Formula: see text] coprime to [Formula: see text], we construct explicitly infinitely many Galois extensions of [Formula: see text] with group [Formula: see text] and whose ideal class group has [Formula: see text]-rank at least [Formula: see text]. This gives new [Formula: see text]-rank records for class groups of number fields.

Orders and polytropes: matrix algebras from valuations

We apply tropical geometry to study matrix algebras over a field with valuation. Using the shapes of min-max convexity, known as polytropes, we revisit the graduated orders introduced by Plesken and Zassenhaus. These are classified by the polytrope region. We advance the ideal theory of graduated orders by introducing their ideal class polytropes. This article emphasizes examples and computations. It offers first steps in the geometric combinatorics of endomorphism rings of configurations in affine buildings.

Self-Assembled Porous Nanoparticles Based on Silicone Polymer with Aggregation-induced Emission for Highly Sensitive Detection of Nitroaromatics

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) -active polymeric materials have been regarded as an ideal class of fluorescent materials to be widely used as fluorescent chemosensors. Herein, we demonstrate a simple and effective...

A proof of the conjectured run time of the Hafner-McCurley class group algorithm

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We present a proof under a generalization of the Riemann Hypothesis that the class group algorithm of Hafner and McCurley runs in expected time <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ e^{\left(3/\sqrt{8}+o(1)\right)\sqrt{\log d\log\log d}} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> where <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ -d $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> is the discriminant of the input imaginary quadratic order. In the original paper, an expected run time of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ e^{\left(\sqrt{2}+o(1)\right)\sqrt{\log d\log\log d}} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> was proven, and better bounds were conjectured. To achieve a proven result, we rely on a mild modification of the original algorithm, and on recent results on the properties of the Cayley graph of the ideal class group.</p>

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE NASOPHARYNGEAL SOFT TISSUE CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN IDEAL OCCLUSION AND CLASS III MALOCCLUSION IN DAKSHINA KANNADA POPULATION

Introduction :Because of the close relationship between the pharynx and the dentofacial structures, a mutual interaction is expected to occur between the pharyngeal structures and the dentofacial pattern. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the nasopharyngeal characteristics in adults with Ideal occlusion and Class III malocclusion in Dakshina Kannada population. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 64 patients with Class III malocclusion and 96 subjects with Ideal Class I molar relation randomly selected from the patients visiting the department of orthodontics of various dental colleges in Dakshina Kannada district. Lateral cephalograms were manually traced, linear and area measurements were determined to dene the airway characteristics. Independent means t tests and Pearson correlation analysis were used to evaluate sexual dimorphism and the correlations among the variables. Results: Nasal fossa length, lower pharyngeal dimension, and upper adenoid width were greater in the Class III malocclusion group. The cranial base showed signicant correlation with nasal fossa length in the Class III malocclusion group. Lower pharyngeal dimension was increased in Class III malocclusion group compared to Ideal Class I occlusion. Sexual dimorphism was also found within Ideal Class I occlusion and Class III Malocclusion groups. Conclusions : From analysing the data it was found that the nasopharynx in Class III malocclusion patients in Dakshina Kannada was characterised by an increased lower pharyngeal dimension, upper adenoid width, nasal fossa dimension and also smaller cranial base length.