Electrochemical Surface Biofunctionalization of Titanium through Growth of TiO2 Nanotubes and Deposition of Zn Doped Hydroxyapatite

The current research aim is to biofunctionalize pure titanium (Ti, grade IV) substrate with titania nanotubes and Zn doped hydroxyapatite-based coatings by applying a duplex electrochemical treatment, and to evaluate the influence of Zn content on the physico-chemical properties of hydroxyapatite (HAp). The obtained nanostructured surfaces were covered with HAp-based coatings doped with Zn in different concentrations by electrochemical deposition in pulsed galvanostatic mode. The obtained surfaces were characterized in terms of morphology, elemental and phasic composition, chemical bonds, roughness, and adhesion. The nanostructured surface consisted of titania nanotubes (NT), aligned, vertically oriented, and hollow, with an inner diameter of ~70 nm. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the nanostructured surface consists of an anatase phase and some rutile peaks as a secondary phase. The morphology of all coatings consisted of ribbon like-crystals, and by increasing the Zn content the coating became denser due to the decrement of the crystals’ dimensions. The elemental and phase compositions evidenced that HAp was successfully doped with Zn through the pulsed galvanostatic method on the Ti nanostructured surfaces. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and XRD analysis confirmed the presence of HAp in all coatings, while the adhesion test showed that the addition of a high quantity leads to some delamination. Based on the obtained results, it can be said that the addition of Zn enhances the properties of HAp, and through proper experimental design, the concentration of Zn can be modulated to achieve coatings with tunable features.

Nanostructured surface dental implants, a modern solution for the treatment of patients with chronic systemic diseases.

Introduction. In modern dentistry the oral rehabilitation of patients with the help of dental implants has a very high success rate. However, the problem is the situation of patients with serious chronic diseases in which the insertion of dental implants is problematic or dental procedures can complicate or aggravate the patients’ disease. Case report. We presented the case of a patient with associated chronic diseases who benefited from the insertion of implants with a nanostructured surface. The nanotube surface of the dental implant has been loaded with anti-inflammatory drugs to promote healing and stimulate the process of osteogenesis. Conclusions. Within the limitations of this study, we consider the therapy with avant-garde nanostructured dental implants to represent a viable treatment option for patients with a medical history with complicated chronic diseases.

Multiscale Micro/Nanostructured Heat Spreaders for Thermal Management of Power Electronics

In this chapter, we describe surface modification techniques for enhancing heat/mass transfer and evaporation on heated surfaces. The effect of asymmetrical structure in designing a vapor chamber, patterned with multiscale micro/nanostructured surfaces will be introduced. The wettability patterned surface and its mechanism for improving the evaporation rate of a droplet and the thermal performance of nucleate boiling are discussed. An ultrathin vapor chamber based on a wettability patterned evaporator is introduced as a case for the application of the wettability pattern. Besides, modifying the surface with nanostructure to form a multiscale micro/nanostructured surface or superhydrophobic surface also enhances the phase change. Several types of heat spreaders are proposed to investigate the effects of multiscale micro/nanostructured surface and nanostructured superhydrophobic condenser on the thermal performance of the heat spreaders, respectively. The effects of multiscale micro/nanostructured evaporator surfaces with wettability patterns will be analyzed and experimental data will be presented.

Immune responses induced by different vaccine platforms against coronavirus disease-19

There have been significant developments in the design of nanostructured scaffolds for eliciting robust immune responses named vaccine. The technique is to produce strong immune responses is to manipulate the appearance of a pathogen. Subsequently pathogens such as viruses and bacteria often demonstrate of multiple copies of ligands on their surfaces, the immune system is predominantly sensitive towards multivalent presentations of antigens. Consequently, when designing a vaccine, it is beneficial to garnish a nanostructured surface with multiple copies of an antigen so it can effectively act as an immune booster. Different methods are there for the development of the vaccine, from them most of the techniques are well developed and reported and some of in the developing state. This review focuses primarily on cellular and non-cellular vaccines, the whole cells or cellular proteins either as the source of antigens or the platform in which to deliver the antigens. Purpose of this review, understand and discussion on the various vaccine platforms which will contribute noteworthy information to vaccine research and development (R and D).