Remained Large Bone Fragment of Bony Bankart Lesion in Shoulders With a Subcritical Glenoid Defect at Recurrent Anterior Instability

Background: A preoperative glenoid defect of 13.5% or larger is recognized as a subcritical glenoid defect at arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) for collision/contact athletes or military personnel. Purpose: To clarify the prevalence and size of remaining bone fragments in shoulders with a subcritical glenoid defect at recurrent anterior instability and to investigate the influence on postoperative recurrence after ABR for younger competitive athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The study included 96 shoulders with recurrent instability that underwent ABR between July 2011 and March 2018 for shoulders with a subcritical glenoid defect. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the glenoid defect size (13.5%-<20%, medium; ≥20%, large). The bone fragment size in each defect group was retrospectively investigated and classified into 4 groups (no, 0%; small, >0%-<5%; medium, 5%-<10%; large, ≥10%). The postoperative recurrence rate for each combination of glenoid defect size and bone fragment size was investigated for competitive athletes aged <30 years. The fragments, when present, were repaired to the glenoid. Results: The glenoid defect size was 13.5%-<20% in 60 shoulders (medium defect group) and ≥20% in 36 shoulders (large defect group). The mean bone fragment size was 6.7% ± 5.1% and 8.9% ± 4.9%, respectively ( P = .042). In the medium defect group, there were 15 shoulders (25%) without a bone fragment, 6 shoulders (10%) with a small fragment, 23 shoulders (38.3%) with a medium fragment, and 16 shoulders (26.7%) with a large fragment. In the large defect group, the respective numbers were 2 shoulders (5.6%), 6 shoulders (16.7%), 14 shoulders (38.9%), and 14 shoulders (38.9%). A medium or large bone fragment was more common in the large defect group ( P = .252). Among 64 younger competitive athletes who underwent ABR with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up, postoperative recurrence was recognized in 7 of 38 (18.4%) athletes in the medium defect group, but it was not recognized in any of the 26 athletes in the large defect group ( P = .036). Postoperative recurrence was recognized in 4 of 12 (33.3%) athletes with a small fragment or no fragment and in 3 of 52 (5.8%) athletes with a medium or large fragment ( P = .019). Conclusion: A larger bone fragment frequently remained in shoulders with a subcritical glenoid defect at recurrent instability. The postoperative recurrence rate after ABR for younger competitive athletes was low when a remaining larger bone fragment was repaired.

SEX DETERMINATION FROM HIP BONE FRAGMENT IN DHANBAD, JHARKHAND

The current study used discriminant function analysis to derive a model for determining sex from an adult hip bone fragment (distal ischio-pubic portion). The discriminant function obtained was DF = .76*SYL +1.60*SYW + 4.36. *DOF – 24.88. The three predictors [maximum vertical length of symphyseal surface (SYL), maximum width of symphyseal surface of pubis (SYW), and maximum diameter of the obturator foramen (DOF)] accurately categorised 90.0 % of the cases. Cross-validated ndings revealed 86.7% accurate categorization. This preliminary research's ndings indicate that these three factors lead to gender discrimination in the study participants. Again, discriminant functions are population specic. Using the discriminant function on a sample from the population of Dhanbad, Jharkhand, the hipbone may be sexed quite accurately. This metric analysis may be utilised for the population's hipbone fragments.

Incomplete ossification of the atlas in cats: seven cases detected on computed tomography

Defects of the ventral arch of the atlas were detected on computed tomography in nine cats aged 3…12 months with signs of upper cervical injury including paina and ataxia. Seven cats have an ambulatory tetraparesis, and two cats have a nonambulatory tetraparesis. The bone defects were consistent with the normal location of the ventral arch growth areas of the atlas. In all observed cats, the pattern of ossification abnormalities was similar — the lateral portion of the arch was completely absent in seven cats on the left and in two cats on the right. The structure of the ventral tubercle was traceable in 8 of 9 cats. Also, in 8 of 9 cases an isolated bone fragment was observed lateral to the dens of the axis, the exact origin of which was not determined. This fragment was observed in 6 cases on the right, in two cases on the left, and only in two cases it corresponded to the side of the undeveloped arch. In 7 out of 9 cats, the dorsal arch was not fused; in 2 cats with complete fusion, the dorsal arch was deformed. An dens fracture was visualized in 3 cases, no hypoplasia of the dens was visualized, and one cat have atlantoaxial subluxation. Seven cats received conservative treatment and 2 cats received surgical treatment. Clinical improvement was observed in all cats. Disorder the ossification of the ventral arch of the atlas should be considered as the differential diagnosis in young cats with suspected atlanto-axial instability and trauma of the cervical spine. The authors were unable to find publications describing this atlas developmental abnormality in cats, so the authors believe that this is the first mention of incomplete ossification of the atlas in cats.

Distal Radius Fracture with Bone Fragment Protruded into the Radiocarpal Joint: Two Case Reports

Distal radius fractures often involve comminuted fragments of the dorsal cortex of the radius, but bone fragments rarely protrude into the radiocarpal joint. We report two cases of distal radius fracture with bone fragment protrusion into the radiocarpal joint. To the best of our knowledge, there are no English reports of distal radius fracture with bone fragment protrusion into the radiocarpal joint. Despite the rarity of these cases, clinicians should still be mindful of such injuries and not overlook the possibility of presence of bone fragments within the joint. Missed intra-articular fragments may cause pain, limited range of motion, and subsequent osteoarthritis.

Insights into the Funerary Practices in the Dolmen of Cabecinha (Figueira da Foz, Portugal)

The dolmen of Cabecinha in the region of Figueira da Foz (Coimbra, Portugal) was excavated at the end of the 19th century by António dos Santos Rocha. This tomb belongs to a Megalithic necropolis of c. 21 dolmens in Western-Central Portugal and was explored and published between 1880 and 1909. The aim of this contribution is to present the human bone collection of the Megalitho da Cabecinha, cross-referencing this data with the original available documentation from the excavation and the chronology obtained from direct radiocarbon dating of a human bone fragment. This approach is adopted to get insights into the funerary practices, and the biological and pathological profiles of the individuals deposited in the dolmen. The most relevant information obtained pertains to the mortuary behaviour, where a unique funerary practice for this Megalithic necropolis was identified. In each corner of the irregular polygonal chamber, an adult individual was deposited in crouching or squatting position in sandy sediment and surrounded by small flat limestone slabs. All but one individual was associated with votive items.