DNA BARCODING EDELWEISS (Anaphalis longifolia) ASAL SUMATERA UTARA MENGGUNAKAN SEKUEN GEN maturase K

Anaphalis longifolia merupakan anggota dari family Asteraceae yang tersebar di dataran tinggi Eropa, Amerika, hingga Asia. Penelitian tentang tanaman ini masih terbatas pada studi habitat, sedangkan penelitian terkait identifikasi molekuler masih belum dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis DNA barcode dari A. longifolia menggunakan sekuen matK gene. Sampel yang diperoleh dari Sumatera Utara kemudian di Isolasi DNA, di amplifikasi menggunakan primer spesifik, lalu disequencing. Hasil sequencing dianalisis menggunakan program Molecular Evolution Genetics Analysis (MEGA) Version X. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sekuen matK gen berhasil diamplifikasi pada panjang 800-850 kb. Hasil analisis pohon filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa sekuen matK gene dapat mengelompokkan A. longifolia. Pada sekuen matK gene A. longifolia, AT content lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan GC conten. Jarak genetik yang diperoleh berkisar 0-0.0014. Hasil analisis alignment sekuen matK gene menunjukkan terdapat 1521 karakter yang dapat diamati, 1403 karakter conserved site, 118 karakter variable site, 9 karakter parsimony informative site, dan 7 karakter single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site. Sekuen matK gene dapat digunakan sebagai DNA barcoding untuk mengidentifikasi A. longifolia. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi penting dalam konservasi A. longifolia.

Detection of Crocodylus mindorensis x Crocodylus porosus (Crocodylidae) hybrids in a Philippine crocodile systematics analysis

The Philippine crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis) is considered one of the most endangered of the crocodilian species.Rumors or anecdotal concerns have existed for some time as to the possibility of hybrid individuals existing in a captivecollection under consideration for providing reintroduction candidates; however, visual observations failed to identify sus-pected hybrids. Samples were collected from 619 Philippine crocodiles from several captive facilities and two free-rang-ing populations. Mitochondrial DNA D-loop (601 bp) fragments were sequenced for each crocodile and compared to 28individuals representing ten crocodile species. Among Philippine crocodiles, 48 variable sites (47 parsimony informativesites) were identified, which defined six C. mindorensis haplotypes and one C. porosus-derived haplotype. Data were alsogenerated for a 965 bp fragment of the ND4 subunit gene fragment for two samples of each D-loop haplotype. Amongthem, 91 variable sites (90 parsimony informative site) were identified, which defined three C. mindorensis haplotypesand one C. porosus-derived haplotype. From the nuclear genome, the C-mos gene was successfully amplified for the 388bp partial fragment for all Philippine crocodile samples. Only two variable sites were identified. These sequences werecompared to GenBank sequences for C. porosus. Of the 619 Philippine crocodile samples, 57 samples were found to har-bor D-loop haplotypes identified as C. porosus and 31 of those harbored C-mos mutational sites diagnostic for C. porosusintrogression. All individuals indicating C. mindorensis x C. porosus hybridization were sampled from the Palawan Wildlife Rescue and Conservation Center.