LEGAL PHILOSOPHY REVIEW: THE PARTICIPATORY PARADIGM FOR VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN CENTRAL JAVA

<em>This article will analyze the participatory paradigm for the empowerment problem of women of the village violence victims in central Java based on three questions in the form of ontology, epistemology, and methodology. Community involvement began when identifying problems to formulate joint actions, while the research results were directly applied to the problems encountered. Victims of violence in women are considered to be very understanding of the problems faced so that they are expected to be found the right solution to be applied in the community and provide results under expectations. In the process of Participatory Action Research (PAR) There is a process of digging, seeking, investigating issues and problems of women in the issue of women's trafficking, sexual exploitation in a collaborative research/collaboration. Research is done in an equal relationship which then ends up doing the action together. Related to the issue of violence against women raises participation and raises women's power to build a good relationship between victims of violence against women, between women and the wider community, and among women victims of violence with researchers.</em>

Fear Appeals Reinforcement in Social Marketing and Inducement of Behavioral Change

Pakistan is signatory of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) where promoting good health is at the heart of achieving various goals. Social marketing has earned its credit worthiness quite convincingly in influencing behavior change. It is, however, pertinent to see nature of the challenges that social marketing program tend to address are quite complex and each social problem need to size up with broader social context rather merely using conventional approaches. Number of scholars has questioned approaches that have been barely successful in bringing perceptible improvement. This gap quite pervasive as most of the techniques employed used one way communication, persuasive techniques of communication. The paradigm of participation in social marketing has shown better results in bringing about sustained behavior change. This study uses broad categorization of fear appeals elements using the explanatory power of participatory paradigm to induce behavior change. Study participants were randomly selected from a Public Sector University. The participants were randomly assigned to study intervention. Study participants were given treatment based on fear appeals in groups, based on activity theory. The qualitative data drawn was analyzed using NVIVO. The different themes were explored were grouped into four categories using activity theory like activities produced by artifacts, activities produced by subjects, activities produced by rules and transformational activities. The participatory paradigm using systematic interaction proved key factors to reinforce fear appeals that enhanced the value for social marketing program to achieve sustainable behavior change.