Protein patterning with antifouling polymer gel platforms generated using visible light irradiation

Visible light-assisted protein patterning on a solid surface was performed with zwitterionic phosphorylcholine polymers bearing tyrosine residues.

Single molecule protein patterning using hole mask colloidal lithography

The ability to manipulate single protein molecules on a surface is useful for interfacing biology with many types of devices in optics, catalysis, bioengineering, and biosensing.

MinE conformational switching confers robustness on self-organized Min protein patterns

Protein patterning is vital for many fundamental cellular processes. This raises two intriguing questions: Can such intrinsically complex processes be reduced to certain core principles and, if so, what roles do the molecular details play in individual systems? A prototypical example for protein patterning is the bacterial Min system, in which self-organized pole-to-pole oscillations of MinCDE proteins guide the cell division machinery to midcell. These oscillations are based on cycling of the ATPase MinD and its activating protein MinE between the membrane and the cytoplasm. Recent biochemical evidence suggests that MinE undergoes a reversible, MinD-dependent conformational switch from a latent to a reactive state. However, the functional relevance of this switch for the Min network and pattern formation remains unclear. By combining mathematical modeling and in vitro reconstitution of mutant proteins, we dissect the two aspects of MinE’s switch, persistent membrane binding and a change in MinE’s affinity for MinD. Our study shows that the MinD-dependent change in MinE’s binding affinity for MinD is essential for patterns to emerge over a broad and physiological range of protein concentrations. Mechanistically, our results suggest that conformational switching of an ATPase-activating protein can lead to the spatial separation of its distinct functional states and thereby confer robustness on an intracellular protein network with vital roles in bacterial cell division.