Non-Equilibrium Condition in the SNR

SNe are one of the major source of the heavy elements in Galaxy. They produced high temperature plasma heavily contaminated with heavy elements mixing with the interstellar matter. Due to the temperature and the density, the shock heated plasma does not reach the collisional ionization condition in young SNR, like Cassiopeia A, Tycho and Kepler. The emission is well represented with a non-equilibrium condition plasma.

PTCDA Films Deposited by Ionized Beam Method

ABSTRACTThin films of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) were deposited by an ionized beam method. The molecular orientation and chemical structure of the films were studied in connection with ionization and ion acceleration conditions. At a low ionization condition, the molecules are oriented in parallel with the substrate, and the crystallinity was improved by an appropriate ion acceleration. At higher ionization conditions, on the other hand, ion acceleration resulted in a loss of crystallinity. Deposited molecules undergo chemical change in such a condition, leading to dissociation of dianhydride groups.