Case: Dronebuster; Handling Non-compliance to ITAR

This chapter analyses the unauthorized transfer of a Dronebuster for testing in a fictitious European NATO member state (EUMS). As the Dronebuster had been purchased in the US, it remained subject to US export control regulations, and, prior authorization was warranted. As there had been no requests for prior authorization, this transfer is considered non-compliant behaviour. Using the Problem-Oriented Policing framework, we investigate the underlying causes and conditions. We argue that a coordinated operation of a mix of hard- and soft controls is the optimal response to prevent such behaviour.

Advancing the Concept of Problem in Problem-oriented Policing

Recent developments in understanding the concept of problem in problem-oriented policing denote valuable perspectives but mainly from a substantialist perspective. In this article, the relational perspective in thinking of safety problems was introduced, and some key advancements presented. Exploiting causal and constitutive reasoning and the idea of the complexity of problems, the self-actional, inter-actional, and trans-actional perspectives were used for determining the differences between the substantialist and relationalist perspectives. The concept of problem was analysed from two perspectives. First, in light of initial and recent elaborations of the term. Second, through the actual use of the term. The substantialist ethos dominated through the data analysed and it has both advantages and disadvantages. However, relational thinking calls for a deeper understanding of safety problems. Resigning from the substantialist ethos and asking whether there are pre-given A-s and B-s, and turning towards the idea that there is no A-s without B-s, creates an environment for a more open-minded understanding of problems in policing.

Using problem-oriented policing to address police problems through the study of body-worn camera footage

Herman Goldstein’s concept of ‘problem-oriented policing’ (POP) emphasized data gathering, analytics, and pattern identification to allow police to more effectively address problems faced by citizens in their communities. One of the most pressing problems in modern policing, however, is how departments should respond to accusations that police are not fair and consistent in their dealings with the public. In this article, the research team examined 1 year of officer body-worn camera footage, to create a roadmap of how the scanning, analysis, response, and assessment method of POP can be utilized to address public concerns by assessing and addressing how police interact with the public.