Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses of a New Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line with wild Gossypium bickii. Genetic Background

ABSTRACTCotton is an important fiber crop but has serious effects of heterosis, in which cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) being the major cause of heterosis in plants. However, there are no studies done on CMS Yamian A in cotton with the genetic background of the Australian wild Gossypium bickii. Transcriptomic and proteomic results showed that UDP-glucosyltransferase - in the nucleus, 60S ribosomal protein L13a- in the cytoplasm, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase - in the chloroplast, glutathione S-transferase - in the cytoplasm, and ATP synthase F1 subunit 1 - in the mitochondrion were upregulated; while low molecular weight heat shock protein - in the chloroplast and ATP synthase D chain- in the mitochondrion were down-regulated expression at the microspore abortion stage of Yamian A. We constructed an interaction network and this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of CMS in cotton by use of in Yamian A, with wild cotton genetic background.

Parental Allele-Specific Protein Expression in Single Cells In Vivo

Allelic expression from each parent-of-origin is important as a backup and to ensure that enough protein products of a gene are produced. Thus far, it is not known how each cell throughout a tissue differs in parental allele expression at the level of protein synthesis. Here, we measure the expression of the Ribosomal protein L13a (Rpl13a) from both parental alleles simultaneously in single cells in the living animal. We use genome-edited Drosophila that have a quantitative reporter of protein synthesis inserted into the endogenous Rpl13a locus. We find that individual cells can have large (>10-fold) differences in protein expression between the two parental alleles. Cells can produce protein from only one allele oftentimes, and time-lapse imaging of protein production from each parental allele in each cell showed that the imbalance in expression from one parental allele over the other can invert over time.One sentence summaryParental allele-specific protein expression varies widely across cells and over time.HighlightsWe used genome editing to insert a quantifiable protein translation reporter into the endogenous Ribosomal protein L13a gene and thus track the protein expression of both parental alleles simultaneously in every single cell in the awake animal.Cells can have a large difference in protein expression for one parental allele over the other, and this can invert over time, and can occur in clusters of cells within a tissue.We demonstrate the highly variable nature of heterozygous and homozygous definitions across single cells, and over time.Our study demonstrates a new paradigm that can be used to examine inherited epigenetic control of expression from a specific parent-of-origin allele across single clonal cells from a common progenitor in vivo.