Aero-Structural Coupling Strategy for a Morphing Blade Cascade Study

The coupling of aerodynamics and structural mechanics is an important step in the design process of aeronautical devices with morphing parts. In this paper, a 2D-3D coupling approach is developed to study a morphing blade cascade. Two shape memory alloy actuators are placed on the upper and lower sides of the blade to make possible the change in shape of the leading-edge. In the present work, a preliminary design study is conducted by considering a two-dimensional CFD analysis of an airfoil cascade coupled with a three-dimensional structural analysis of the whole 3D blade. A methodology is developed to match 2D and 3D meshes such that the aerodynamic loads can be easily transferred to the structural analysis. From there, the deformed blade geometry due to both aerodynamic loads and actuator work can be transferred back to the CFD solver, and the iterative aero-structural coupling loop can be repeated until convergence. The aero-structural coupling strategy developed in this work is also applied to a blade cascade study aiming to improve its performance by morphing the leading-edge of the blade. The results of this application show that by morphing the leading-edge blade of only few millimeters (less than 2 mm), it is possible to achieve a relevant performance improvement in terms of total pressure loss coefficient decrease of about 53%.

TURKEY AS AN EU MEMBER STATE CANDIDATE IN A HYPERCITIZEN EUROPEAN UNION PERSPECTIVE

This is a legal and political sociology essay with the objective of a strategic geopolitical, legal and economic analysis of the pros and cons of Turkey's potential entry as a member state of the European Union. The essay is placed on the side of the policies, more in detail on the side of politics making, it starts with the analysis of the state of art, to move towards the need for structural coupling between Turkey and the European Union and then - lastly - there are some authors' thoughts on a potential eastward enlargement of the European Union with its pros and its cons.This is a legal and political sociology essay with the objective of a strategic geopolitical, legal and economic analysis of the pros and cons of Turkey's potential entry as a member state of the European Union. The essay is placed on the side of the policies, more in detail on the side of politics making, it starts with the analysis of the state of art, to move towards the need for structural coupling between Turkey and the European Union and then - lastly - there are some authors' thoughts on a potential eastward enlargement of the European Union with its pros and its cons.