Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Studies of (3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenylacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid-Cr (III) Complex

Benzylpenicillin, also known as (3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(2-phenylacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic, is a common bactericidal antibiotic of the betalactamin family which is mostly used to treat infections caused by gram-positive bacterial strains and few gram-negative bacterial strains. Cr (III) complex of benzylpenicillin was synthesized by the reaction of benzylpenicillin with CrCl3.6H2O. The structure of the complex was confirmed through elemental analysis, electrical conductivity, FT-IR, electronic spectra, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic methods. The physical properties such as solubility, color and melting point were also determined for both the ligand and the complex. The complex has a deep green color. Both the ligand and the complex are ionic (236.0 and 126.0 Sm2.mol-1). From the spectroscopic result, the ligand behaved as a pentadentate ligand coordinating to the metal ion through OH, NH, C=O of amide, carboxylate& β-lactam. A trigonal bipyramidal geometry has been proposed for the metal complex. The prepared complex was evaluated in vitro for its antibacterial activity against some pathogenic gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus substilis, Bacillus cereus, and Enterococcus faecalis) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Pneumonia aeruginosa and Campylobacter fetus). The metal complex showed enhanced antibacterial activity as compared to the uncomplexed ligand.

FT-IR Characterization of Pollen Biochemistry, Viability, and Germination Capacity inSaintpauliaH. Wendl. Genotypes

FT-IR characterization of pollen biochemistry was analyzed to detect possible connection with the viability (by staining with potassium iodide, 25%) and the germination capacity (on solid nutrient medium), in 15Saintpauliagenotypes. Vibrational spectroscopy indicates that the pollen ofS. ionanthagenotype “Red Velvet” is rich in proteins, lipids, triglycerides, and esters and has a viability of 88.4% and a low germination capacity (27.16%). ForS. ionantha“Jolly Red” and “Lucky Ladybug” genotypes, pollen showed high viability (88.81–91.49%) and low germination capacity (23.02–9.17%), even though the pollen is rich in carbohydrates.S. ionantha“Aloha Orchid” genotype has the highest percentage of viability (94.32%) and germination capacity (45.73%) and a rich content of carbohydrates and polygalacturonic acids. InS. rupicolaandS. ionanthagenotypes, the rich content of polygalacturonic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates favourably influenced the germination capacity. Spectroscopic result indicates, through different absorbance band intensity, a possible link between biochemical composition, viability, and germination capacity ofSaintpauliapollen. To determine exactly the relation between biochemistry and biological processes, it is necessary to initiate quantitative researches.

Raman, Visible and Ultra-violet Spectral Studies of Ionic Interactions in Molten Alkali Nitrate and Nitrite Systems

The interaction between the various ions in the molten systems NaNO3-NaNO2, LiNO3-NaNO2 and NaNO3-KNO2 has been investigated by Raman, visible and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. It is concluded that the interaction between the anions is very weak and that the cations Na+ and K+ are randomly distributed around the nitrate and nitrite anions. The empty orbital level of Na+ (434 nm) in NaNO3-NaNO2 relative to the π level of NO2- is estimated. When small amounts of Li+ are added to the binary sodium melt, an anomalous spectroscopic result is obtained.