The idea of māyā pervades Indian philosophy: it is complex, multivalent, and foundational, with its oldest referents found in the Ṛg -veda. This book explores māyā’s rich conceptual history, and then focuses on the highly developed theology of māyā found in the Sanskrit Bhāgavata Purāṇa, one of the most important Hindu sacred texts. Gopal K. Gupta examines māyā’s role in the Bhāgavata’s narratives, paying special attention to māyā’s relationship with other key concepts in the text, such as human suffering (duḥkha), devotion (bhakti), and divine play (līlā). In the Bhāgavata, māyā is often identified as the divine feminine, and her scope and influence are far-reaching—māyā is the world and the means by which God creates the world, she is the power that deludes living beings and ensorcells them in the phenomenal world, and she is the facilitator of God’s play, paradoxically revealing him to his devotees by concealing his majesty. While Vedānta philosophy typically sees māyā as a negative force, the Bhāgavata affirms that māyā also has a positive role, for in both the conditioned and liberated states, māyā is meant to ultimately draw living beings toward Kṛṣṇa and intensify their love for him.