Preface

The 5th International Conference on Chemical Engineering, Food and Biotechnology (ICCFB2021) Dear Authors, honored Readers, It is with my deep pleasure that I write this Foreword to the Manuscript Collection of the 5th ICCFB - International Conference on Chemical Engineering, Food and Biotechnology held in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, in November 4-5, 2021. Unfortunately, since June 2021, the 4th outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused social distancing regulations in the whole Vietnam; therefore, the conference committees decided to change the meeting to a virtual format. The 5th ICCFB with the theme “Chemical, Food and Biological Process Development towards Sustainability and Digital Transformation” is expected that the emerging technologies and scientific advancements in all the fields will be disseminated during the Conference. It also intends to create a forum for strengthening partnership between academia and industry towards industrial applications. The papers contributed the most recent scientific knowledge known in the field of Animal and Plant Cell Technology, Protein Engineering, Bioenvironmental Engineering, Bioactive Compounds and Food Biotechnology, Catalyst and Reaction Engineering, Renewable Energy Technology, Environmental and Safety Engineering, Fundamental of Chemical, Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Industrial Chemical Engineering, Material Science and Technology, Process and Control Engineering. All the papers were carefully reviewed with a double-blind review process. In addition to the contributed papers, the keynote speeches were given to make the conference more productive and precious. I believe that this is also the driving force for further research and research in all these areas. We thank all distinguished guests, authors, participants for their contributions to make a successful conference and look forward to the 6th ICCFB in 2023. Dr. Tran Tan Viet Program Chair ICCFB2021 List of Conference Chairs and Editors, Invited Speakers, Technical Committees are available in this pdf.

Preface

The Third International Conference on Green Energy and Environment (The 3rd ICoGEE 2021) was organized by the Faculty of Engineering – Universitas Bangka Belitung together with some co-organized members such as the Faculty of Engineering – Universitas Tadulako, Faculty of Engineering – Universitas Bengkulu, Faculty of Engineering – Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji, Faculty of Technology and Science – Universitas Jambi, MIPAnet and Asian Federation of Biotechnology (AFOB). We planned The 3rd ICoGEE 2021 to held on September 29th – 30th, 2021, in Pangkalpinang, Indonesia. However, the COVID-19 pandemic that is still engulfing various countries has hampered diverse gathering and traveling activities. Therefore, The 3rd ICoGEE 2021 has been held virtually using the Zoom Meeting platform. The 3rd ICoGEE 2021 is a scientific conference involving various disciplines that aims to create innovations related to the development of science and technology to protect energy and the environment. Another goal of ICoGEE is to build a collaborative network between government, practitioners, and academics to solve problems in the energy and environmental sectors. Thus, this year’s ICOGEEE carries the theme: “Innovation Science and Technology Innovation for Sustainable Development Green Energy and a Cleaner Environment.” Although held online, this conference was attended by about 150 researchers, engineers, and scientists from various institutions. There are more than 60 institutions from nine countries: Indonesia, India, Viet Nam, Japan, Spain, China, Malaysia, Thailand, and Cyprus, participating in The 3rd ICoGEE 2021. The conference consists of two parts: keynote presentation and oral presentation. There were 114 papers (after the review process) divided into three topics: Green Energy and Application, Environmental Science and Technology, and Energy and Environmental Management. During the oral presentation session, the participants were divided into academic groups according to the topic. We are very grateful because, in 2021, The 3rd ICoGEE has keynote speakers from different countries and institutions who are experts in energy and environmental aspects. Our great honor is that five experts gave excellent keynote speeches: Prof. Misri Gozan as Vice President of Asian Federation of Biotechnology, Associate Prof. Dr. Oki Muraza from King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Prof Taufik from Cal. Poly. State University, Prof. Ocky Karna Radjasa as Deputy Chairman of Earth Sciences - LIPI, and Prof. Jatna Supriatna as Vice Chairman of the Belantara Foundation. Although The 3rd ICoGEE was held virtually, the conference can still achieve its primary purpose or benefit. All manuscripts published in the proceeding have been through a rigorous review to meet the requirement of high-quality papers. The committee wishes to acknowledge speakers and participants who attended this virtual conference. We are beyond glad as this pandemic situation, which has been going on for more than a year, would not let their spirit down to keep participating in this conference. Plenty of thanks are given to all persons who have helped and supported this conference. Warmest Regards, Chairman of Organizing Committee Herman Aldila Conference Committees are available in the pdf

Determinants of Bicameral Conflict: The Formation of Conference Committees in Chile, 1990-2018

ABSTRACTIn some countries, bicameral discrepancies are solved by the formation of a conference committee. In Chile, conference committees are exclusively and automatically formed when the second chamber rejects a bill passed in the first chamber or when the first chamber rejects the modifications to its original bill made by the second chamber. This article postulates 4 hypotheses for the determinants of conference committee formation. It tests them for the case of Chile’s sequential legislative process (1990–2018) using 2,183 bills that reached the stage where a conference committee could be formed. The 482 conference committees that resulted were more likely to be formed when chambers were controlled by different majorities, when passage required special voting thresholds, when bills were more important for the president, and when the bills had more approved amendments, but they were not more likely if the bill was introduced by legislators rather than the executive.