PEMIKIRAN MUHAMMAD SYAHRUR; TEORI NADZARIYAH HUDUD DAN APLIKASINYA

One of the great thinkers in the contemporary era is Muhammad Syahrur, a Syrian liberal Islamic figure. Through his controversial works, al-Kita>b wa al-Qur’a>n: Qira>’ah Mu’a>shirah, (al-Kitab and al-Qur’an: a Contemporary Reading) Syahrur introduces a new theory of Quranic interpretation, called as the theory of limits. He asserts that the theory of limits is an approach within ijtihad (individual interpretation) to study the muhkama>t verses (clear and direct verses of law) of the Qur’an. The term limit (h}udu>d) used by Syahrur refers to the meaning of “the bounds or restrictions of God which should not be violated, contained in the dynamic, flexible, and elastic domain of ijtihad.”. By using the descriptive-analytical method, the article is talking about the contribution of the theory of limits in qur’anic interpretation that makes significant contributions to the enhancement of Qur’anic studies.

Elaborated subloading surface model for accurate description of cyclic mobility in granular materials

The description of the cyclic mobility observed prior to the liquefaction in geomaterials requires the sophisticated constitutive formulation to describe the plastic deformation induced during the cyclic loading with the small stress amplitude inside the yield surface. This requirement is realized in the subloading surface model, in which the surface enclosing a purely elastic domain is not assumed, while a purely elastic domain is assumed in other elastoplasticity models. The subloading surface model has been applied widely to the monotonic/cyclic loading behaviors of metals, soils, rocks, concrete, etc., and the sufficient predictions have been attained to some extent. The subloading surface model will be elaborated so as to predict also the cyclic mobility accurately in this article. First, the rigorous translation rule of the similarity center of the normal yield and the subloading surfaces, i.e., elastic core, is formulated. Further, the mixed hardening rule in terms of volumetric and deviatoric plastic strain rates and the rotational hardening rule are formulated to describe the induced anisotropy of granular materials. In addition, the material functions for the elastic modulus, the yield function and the isotropic hardening/softening will be modified for the accurate description of the cyclic mobility. Then, the validity of the present formulation will be verified through comparisons with various test data of cyclic mobility.

Teori Hudûd Muhammad Syahrur dan Kontribusinya dalam Penafsiran Al-Qur’an

One of the great thinkers in the contemporary era is Muhammad Syahrûr, a Syrian liberal Islamic figure. Through his controversial works, al-Kitâb wal Qur’ân: Qirâ’ah Mu`âshirah, (al-Kitab and al-Qur’an: a Contemporary Reading) Syahrur introduces a new theory of Quranic interpretation, called as the theory of limits. He asserts that the theory of limits is an approach within ijtihad (individual interpretation) to study the muhkamât verses (clear and direct verses of law) of the Qur’an. The term limit (hudûd) used by Shahrur refers to the meaning of “the bounds or restrictions of God which should not be violated, contained in the dynamic, flexible, and elastic domain of ijtihad.”. By using the descriptive-analytical method, the article is talking about the contribution of the theory of limits in qur’anic interpretation that makes significant contributions to the enhancement of Qur’anic studies.