Особливості поширення ранньовесняних рослин у хвойно-широколистяних лісах околиць села Ільник Турківського району

Наведено результати дослідження щодо поширення ранньовесняних рослин, які ростуть на території околиць села Ільник Турківського району. На території дослідження виявлено 14 видів ранньовесняних рослин, які належать до 9 родин. За кількістю видів домінують родини Asteraceае та Ranunculaceae (21,5 % від загальної кількості родин), Amaryllidaceae (14,4 %); інші родини представлені одним видом і їх частка становить 7,1 %. Усі виявлені на території дослідження ранньовесняні рослини належать до 13 родів. Встановлено, що тільки один рід Anemone має 2 види – А. nemorosa та A. ranunculoides і становить 15,3 %; інші роди представлені одним видом, відсоткова частка яких становить 7,7 % на кожний рід. Найпоширенішими на території дослідження є види Anemone nemorosа, Dentaria glandulosa та Scilla bifolia, поодиноко трапляються види Gagea lutea, Galanthus nivalis, Petasites kablikianus та Anemone ranunculoides. Встановлено, що 4 види із флори ранньовесняних рослин Ільника підлягають охороні і занесені до Європейського Червоного Списку (Primula veris, Scilla bifolia) та Червоної книги України (Leucojum vernum, Galanthus nivalis). Загалом виявлені на території дослідження рослини свідчать про незначне поширення та рясність ранньовесняних рослин.

THE EARLY SPRING SYNUSIAS IN THE FORESTS OF FAGETO-CARPINETO-QUERCETA ROBORIS SUBFORMATION ON THE TERRITORY OF PRECARPATHIAN REGION (UKRAINE)

In the article were presented the results of studying the early spring synusias in the forests of Fageto-Carpineto-Querceta roboris subformation on the Pricarpathian territory. In the studied subformation were separated five associations: Fageto-Carpineto-Quercetum roboris galiosum odorati, Fageto-Carpineto-Quercetum roboris caricetum pilosae, Fageto-Carpineto-Quercetum roboris vincosum, Fageto-Carpineto-Quercetum roboris galeobdolosum, Fageto-Carpineto-Quercetum roboris hederosum. The revealed early spring synusias are formed by the following herbal species: Leucojum vernum L. (Amaryllidacea), Galanthus nivalis L. (Amaryllidacea), Dentaria glandulosa Waldst. et Kit. (Brassicaceae), Anemone nemorosa L.(Ranunculaceae), Scilla bifolia L. (Liliaceae), Isopyrum thalictroides L. (Ranunculaceae), Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. Koerte (Papaveraceae) та Gagea lutea (L.) Ker.-Gawl. (Liliaceae). It appears before the leaves blooming and forms the specific white-lilac-blue aspect. Galanthus nivalis L. synusias develops the first and then in the third decade of March develops the group with Anemone nemorosa L. domination. Last years as the result of the negative anthropogenic influence the number of Leucojum vernum L. and Galanthus nivalis L. groups – the rare ephemeroids put to the Ukrainian Red book was abruptly shortened.

Suspensor Development in Gagea Lutea (L.) Ker Gawl., with Emphasis on the Cytoskeleton

The study used fluorescence microscopy to examine changes in cytoskeleton configuration during development of the embryo suspensor in Gagea lutea and to describe them in tandem with the development of the embryo proper. During the early phase of embryo suspensor development, tubulin and actin filaments were observed in the cytoplasm of the basal cell from the micropylar to the chalazal ends of the cell. Around the nucleus of the basal cell were clusters of numerous microtubules. These accumulations of tubulin arrays congregated near the nucleus surface; numerous bundles of microtubules radiated from the nucleus envelope. At this time, microfil-aments formed a delicate network in the cytoplasm of the basal cell. In the fully differentiated embryo suspensor, microtubules were observed at the chalazal end of the basal cell. Numerous bundles of microtubules were visualized in the cytoplasm adjacent to the wall separating the basal cell from the embryo proper. Microfilaments formed a dense network which uniformly filled the basal cell cytoplasm. There were some foci of F-actin material in the vicinity of the nucleus surface and at the chalazal end of the basal cell. In all studied phases of embryo suspensor development a prominent cortical network of actin and tubulin skeleton was observed in embryo proper cells.

Immunolocalization of lipoxygenase in the microspore of Gagea lutea (L.) Ker.-Gaw.

Localization of lipoxygenase (LOX) in the microspore of <i>Gagea lutea</i> (L.) Ker.-Gaw. was investigated with the immunogold labelling method. The enzyme was found in the cytoplasm, nucleus and sporoderm. The most intensive reaction was observed in the cytoplasm, where the immunogold particles were sometimes grouped into clusters of several or more and showed the highest density. The smallest amount of particles occured in the sporoderm. The role of lipoxygenase in the microspore is discussed.

Disturbances in microsporogenesis and pollen grain development in Gagea lutea (L.) Ker. Gaw.

The meiotic division of microsporocytes and pollen grain development in <i>Gagea lutea</i> (L.) Ker.-Gaw. (Liliaceae) with fluorescence microscope (excitation light 400 nm) was observed after squashing the anthers in DAPI solution (fluorochrom dying DNA). Up to 70% of microsporocytes and pollen grains during the microsporogenesis and pollen grain development take a regular course. In the remaining microsporocytes and pollen grains (30%) the disturbances in course of both processes were observed. The most often observed disturbances are "late" chromosomes and a presence of micronuclei. The divisions of microsporocytes in the anther loculi show a big asynchrony, which, like the disturbances during the course of microsporogenesis and pollen grain development, may be caused by the external factors. The microsporogenesis takes place during autumn and winter months: the pollen grains develop in winter. At this time the dividing microsporocytes and developing pollen grains are under the influence of abiotic factors as low temperature and a lack of water. These factors disturb the formation of microtubular cytoskeleton of the dividing microsporocytes and pollen grains, which causes the formation of sterile pollen grains.