scholarly journals THE EARLY SPRING SYNUSIAS IN THE FORESTS OF FAGETO-CARPINETO-QUERCETA ROBORIS SUBFORMATION ON THE TERRITORY OF PRECARPATHIAN REGION (UKRAINE)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Victoria Gnjezdilova ◽  
Oksana Nespljak ◽  
Vira Bunjak ◽  
Ljubov Makhovska
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gagea Lutea ◽  
Galanthus Nivalis ◽  
Anemone Nemorosa ◽  
Scilla Bifolia ◽  
Herbal Species

Abstract. In the article were presented the results of studying the early spring synusias in the forests of Fageto-Carpineto-Querceta roboris subformation on the Pricarpathian territory. In the studied subformation were separated five associations: Fageto-Carpineto-Quercetum roboris galiosum odorati, Fageto-Carpineto-Quercetum roboris caricetum pilosae, Fageto-Carpineto-Quercetum roboris vincosum, Fageto-Carpineto-Quercetum roboris galeobdolosum, Fageto-Carpineto-Quercetum roboris hederosum. The revealed early spring synusias are formed by the following herbal species: Leucojum vernum L. (Amaryllidacea), Galanthus nivalis L. (Amaryllidacea), Dentaria glandulosa Waldst. et Kit. (Brassicaceae), Anemone nemorosa L.(Ranunculaceae), Scilla bifolia L. (Liliaceae), Isopyrum thalictroides L. (Ranunculaceae), Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. Koerte (Papaveraceae) та Gagea lutea (L.) Ker.-Gawl. (Liliaceae). It appears before the leaves blooming and forms the specific white-lilac-blue aspect. Galanthus nivalis L. synusias develops the first and then in the third decade of March develops the group with Anemone nemorosa L. domination. Last years as the result of the negative anthropogenic influence the number of Leucojum vernum L. and Galanthus nivalis L. groups – the rare ephemeroids put to the Ukrainian Red book was abruptly shortened.

scholarly journals Особливості поширення ранньовесняних рослин у хвойно-широколистяних лісах околиць села Ільник Турківського району

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
S. S. Monastyrska ◽  
R. D. Stetsyk
Keyword(s):  
Gagea Lutea ◽  
Primula Veris ◽  
Galanthus Nivalis ◽  
Scilla Bifolia

Наведено результати дослідження щодо поширення ранньовесняних рослин, які ростуть на території околиць села Ільник Турківського району. На території дослідження виявлено 14 видів ранньовесняних рослин, які належать до 9 родин. За кількістю видів домінують родини Asteraceае та Ranunculaceae (21,5 % від загальної кількості родин), Amaryllidaceae (14,4 %); інші родини представлені одним видом і їх частка становить 7,1 %. Усі виявлені на території дослідження ранньовесняні рослини належать до 13 родів. Встановлено, що тільки один рід Anemone має 2 види – А. nemorosa та A. ranunculoides і становить 15,3 %; інші роди представлені одним видом, відсоткова частка яких становить 7,7 % на кожний рід. Найпоширенішими на території дослідження є види Anemone nemorosа, Dentaria glandulosa та Scilla bifolia, поодиноко трапляються види Gagea lutea, Galanthus nivalis, Petasites kablikianus та Anemone ranunculoides. Встановлено, що 4 види із флори ранньовесняних рослин Ільника підлягають охороні і занесені до Європейського Червоного Списку (Primula veris, Scilla bifolia) та Червоної книги України (Leucojum vernum, Galanthus nivalis). Загалом виявлені на території дослідження рослини свідчать про незначне поширення та рясність ранньовесняних рослин.

scholarly journals Effects of soil early-spring temperature on the morphometric parameters of mitochondria in Galanthus nivalis L. leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
O M Fediuk ◽  
N O Bilyavska ◽  
E K Zolotareva
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Galanthus Nivalis

In the natural conditions early-spring period development of Galanthus nivalis L., the leaves germination from bulbs was carried out in the soil surface layer, mainly, covered with snow, so the leaves were exposed to low soil temperatures. It was found, that at the leaf germination stage, when exposed to minus soil temperature, the mitochondria were predominantly elongated, that is, functionally active. Under the influence of positive temperature, the mitochondria form changed to a round one, which indicates their transition to low functional activity. A similar tendency was manifested even during the budding stage, in particular, when the soil temperature was lowered to an average of –3.47 °C, the mitochondria changed their form to an elongated one, that is, they passed into an active functional state. Wherein, the temperature of the leaves was higher by 3.84 °C compared to the soil. At the stages of germination and budding of G. nivalis under natural conditions, a direct correlation was found between the soil surface layer temperature and the leaves temperature, and at the flowering stage this relation was reverse. During the flowering stage, despite the influence of predominantly positive soil temperatures, leaves growth was significantly slowed, and their temperature was only slightly higher by 0.38 °C compared to the soil. At the same time, the mitochondria changed their shape to a round one. Thus, the increase in their long axis at different stages in spring development, are aimed at adapting to influence low temperatures of the soil surface layer.

Seasonal variations in forms of extractable sulfur in some New Zealand soils

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Tan ◽  
RG Mclaren ◽  
KC Cameron
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Third ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Inorganic Sulfate

Seasonal variations in different forms of extractable sulfur (S) were examined in three New Zealand soils under permanent pasture. The concentrations of total extractable S, extractable inorganic sulfate-S (SO2-4-S), and extractable organic HI-reducible sulfur (HI-S) and carbon-bonded sulfur (C-S) were determined in field moist samples using four different extractants. During the course of the year, extractable SO2-4-S levels varied substantially. Concentrations of SO42--S in the soils peaked in the early spring and, for two of the soils, remained at relatively low levels throughout the rest of the year. The third soil, however, following a decrease in concentration in late spring, showed a continuous increase in SO2-4-S during the summer and autumn period. Concentrations of extractable organic C-S in soils were generally highest in the winter and declined significantly during the spring. Extractable organic HI-S concentrations fluctuated throughout the year with no clear trends. The proportions of the three forms of extractable S in soils also varied seasonally. The proportions of extractable organic HI-S in soils were more constant compared with the other two forms of S and generally accounted for less than 20% of the total extractable S. The seasonal changes in the proportions of SO2-4-S appeared to be inversely related to the changes in extractable C-S. This suggests that under the field conditions, the extractable organic C-S fraction is readily mineralized to sulfate when conditions are favourable for mineralization to take place.

Vegetation recovery of old-arable lands by vegetation in the Forecarpathian Upland

2018 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Pozynych I.
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Vegetation Recovery ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Quantitative Indices ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Galanthus Nivalis ◽  
Epipactis Helleborine

In the process of forming succession on abandoned arable lands, the quantitative indices relative to the permanent cоenopopulations are quite similar, although in the third stage they decrease almost twofold, and at the final stage of light oak forests the representation of cоenopopulations of rare species increases: Epipactis helleborine, Leucojum vernum, Galanthus nivalis.

The Effects of Increasing Grazing Height on Establishment of Pasture Weeds in Management-Intensive Rotationally Grazed Pastures

Weed Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Renz ◽  
Marie L. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Grazed Pastures ◽  
Simulated Grazing

Weeds can infest management-intensive grazed pastures and impact forage quantity, forage quality, and animal health. Common burdock, plumeless thistle, and Canada thistle are three common pasture weeds in the midwestern United States that are managed to avoid these impacts. Experiments were established at two sites to determine if increasing grazing heights from fall through summer would reduce emergence and survival of burdock, plumeless thistle, and Canada thistle seedlings. Five simulated grazing heights (5, 10, 15, and 20 cm and a not-clipped treatment) were implemented in October 2008 and repeated in May through August. Density of all species was reduced from May to September, with reductions ranging from 65 to 78%, regardless of treatment. Treatments that left at least 15 cm of residual grass had reduced densities of burdock and Canada thistle compared to the 10-cm treatment. Regression analysis demonstrated that reduction in burdock and summed planted weed density was related to increased intercepted photosynthetically active radiation from forage in April. However, total biomass yield was reduced up to 60% when grazing heights were increased from 5 to 20 cm, although differences were only observed at the fall and early spring grazing events. Relative forage quality (RFQ) was similar across treatments, except at the third grazing event for which the 15 and 20-cm treatments had reduced RFQ compared with other treatments. Results suggest that increasing grazing heights can reduce emergence and survival of burdock and Canada thistle but can also result in a reduction in forage quantity in the fall and early spring.

scholarly journals Врожайність пшениці озимої залежно від погодних умов у ранньовесняний період в умовах північного Степу України

2018 ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
М. І. Мостіпан ◽  
Н. Л. Умрихін
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Average Daily Temperature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Average Productivity ◽  
Early Beginning ◽  
Mixed Age

Тривалими польовими дослідженнями доведено, що в північному Степу України чим пізніше відновлюється весняна веґетація озимої пшениці, тим меншою є врожайність. При цьому час відновлення веґетації має значний вплив на врожайність різновікових посівів. У разі надраннього відновлення веґетації (III декада лютого) врожайність  посівів з сівбою у період з кінця серпня до початку жовтня є майже однаковою і становить від 6,44 до 6,96 т/га. У випадку пізнього відновлення веґетації (початок квітня) найбільш високу врожайність формують посіви з сівбою з 10 по 25 вересня. Їх врожайність у середньому за роки досліджень становила 3,86–3,91 т/га. Чим коротшим є період від переходу температури через 0 0С до +5 0С, тим більшою є врожайність озимої пшениці. У середньому за роки досліджень врожайність озимої пшениці за тривалості періоду від переходу температури через 0 0С до +5 0С до 10 днів становила 6,04 т/га, а в разі подовження цього періоду до 30 і більше днів зменшувалася до 3,76 т/га. It has been established that in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine the beginning of spring vegetation of winter wheat starts at different periods of time. The earliest vegetation (February 22) was observed in 1990, and the latest vegetation (April 4) was in 2003. Therefore, it has been suggested to distinguish the very early (the third decade of February) beginning of vegetation, early beginning of vegetation (the first–second decade of March), middle-time vegetation (the third decade of March) and late beginning of vegetation (the first decade of April) of winter wheat. During the whole period of observations from 1986 to 2005, the  very early beginning of vegetation was observed during 3 years (15%), early vegetation – 4 years (20%), middle-time vegetation – 8 years (40%), and late vegetation – 5 years (25%). The analysis of winter wheat productivity shows that the later is the beginning of spring vegetation, the less productivity of winter wheat. During the very early spring vegetation in the third decade of February,  productivity is twice as large as compared with the late vegetation in the first decade of April. On average, over the years of the study, these indicators were 6.74 and 3.28 t/ha respectively. In the very early vegetation (the 3rd decade of February), productivity of the mixed-age crops is almost the same and ranges from 6.44 to 6.96 t/ha. During the late vegetation (early April), the highest productivity is formed by the crops sown from the 10th to the 25th of September. Their average productivity during the years of the study was 3.86–3.91 t/ha. With this period of spring vegetation, the productivity of crops sown on September 2nd and October 2nd is almost the same and is 2.99 and 2.88 t/ha respectively, but significantly higher than the productivity of crops sown on August 25th. For the formation of winter wheat harvest, the change of the average daily temperature above 0 °C is important, as well as the duration of the period from that time to the beginning of spring vegetation. That is the steady increase in average daily air temperature to more than +5 °С. The increase in the period of time from the date of the change of the average daily air temperature above 0 °C to the beginning of spring vegetation causes the decrease in the productivity of winter wheat. During the years when the duration of this period was up to 10 days, the productivity of winter wheat averaged 6.04 t/ha, and during the years with this period of more than 30 days, the productivity decreased to 3.76 t/ha. The shorter period from the change of the average daily air temperature above 0 °C to the time of the beginning of spring vegetation, the higher the dependence of the level of winter wheat productivity on the sowing terms. If this period is longer than 30 days, the highest productivity was formed by crops sown on September 17th and September 25th, and during the years when this period lasted from 10 to 20 days, higher productivity was provided by the crops sown from September 10th to September 25th. With the duration of the period from the date of the change of the average daily air temperature above 0 °C to the beginning of spring vegetation to 20 days, the productivity of winter wheat crops with early sowing on September 2nd and October 2nd is almost the same. The crops sown on September 2nd with the duration of this period up to 10 days formed productivity of 5.44 t/ha, and the crops sown on October 2nd – 5.56 t/ha. At the same time, if the duration of this period exceeds 20 days, the crops sown on October 2nd form a considerably higher productivity than the crops sown on September 2nd.

scholarly journals SUCCESSFUL LUCERNE GROWING IN INLAND OTAGO

1987 ◽  
pp. 193-197
Author(s):  
M.H. Douglas ◽  
D.W. Brash ◽  
B.I.P. Barratt ◽  
J.M. Keoghan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Total Production ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pest Incidence

Although lucerne substantially outproduces pasture in the 350-800 mm rainfall environment of Central Otago, the area has only been maintained in two counties - Vincent & Lake. In the third, Maniototo, the area has declined. Impeded drainage with wet seasons is considered a cause. The identification of areas suitable for lucerne establishment is aided by a soluble aluminium test of the soil and profile examination. In Central Otago pest incidence is low and disease is only a problem on irrigated lucerne. Lenient management in the autumn and early spring will aid total production. Keywords: establishment, soil-test, pests, disease, management

scholarly journals Analysis of Corylus pollen season in Poland in 2021

Alergoprofil ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Katarzyna Dąbrowska-Zapart ◽  
Monika Ziemianin ◽  
Małgorzata Puc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Pollen Allergy ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
Pollen Concentration ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pollen Seasons ◽  
Daily Concentration ◽  
Peak Value

Corylus produces allergenic pollen grains that appear in the air in early spring and cause pollen allergy in sensitive people. The aim of this study was to compare the Corylus pollen seasons in 2021 in the following 11 cities in Poland: Bialystok, Bydgoszcz, Cracow, Sosnowiec, Lublin, Olsztyn, Piotrkow Trybunalski, Szczecin, Warsaw, Wroclaw, and Zielona Gora. This research was conducted using the volumetric method and Burkard or Lanzoni pollen samplers. Pollen season duration was determined by the 95% method. The hazel pollen season in 2021 began relatively late, between February 20 and March 1. The season start was recorded earliest in Zielona Gora, while latest in Olsztyn. The highest values of maximum Corylus pollen concentration were recorded in Sosnowiec (230 P/m3) and Zielona Gora (213 P/m3), whereas the lowest ones in Bialystok (27 P/m3) and Bydgoszcz (54 P/m3). In most of these cities, the maximum daily concentration of Corylus pollen grains was recorded in the third 10 days of February or at the beginning of March and only in Lublin and Bialystok the peak value occurred later, on March 16 and March 26, respectively. The highest risk of allergy in people sensitive to the pollen of this taxon was found in Lublin, Olsztyn, and Zielona Gora. The highest values of the annual pollen integral were determined in Lublin, similarly to the previous years.

Imidacloprid Insecticide Slows Development of Pierce's Disease in Bunch Grapes

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Krewer ◽  
J. D. Dutcher ◽  
C. J. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Kansas City ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Cabernet Franc ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Homalodisca Coagulata ◽  
And Control

Six cultivars of bunch grapevines Vitis labrusca (L.) and V. vinifera (L), ‘Cabernet Franc’, ‘Canadice’, ‘Flame Seedless’, ‘Johannesburg Riesling’, ‘Mars’ and ‘Reliance’ when treated at planting and for 3 yrs with two (early spring and mid-summer) applications of imidacloprid (Admire®, Bayer Corp., Kansas City, MO) in a 1 to 2 liters aqueous solution (0.70 g active ingredient per vine per application) as drench to the base of the vine, had lower incidence of Pierce's Disease (PD) than untreated grapevines. Apparent PD symptoms were evident on the control vines in mid-summer of the second season. By the fall of the second season and spring of the third season, some control vines were dead. ELISA tests in July of the third season, indicated that similar proportions of treated and control vines contained the PD bacteria. ELISA tests in August of the third season, indicated that significantly more control vines than treated vines contained PD bacteria. Vines treated with imidacloprid showed PD symptoms in June of the third season, and the rate of disease development was slower than in the control vines. After 3 yrs, 18% of the control vines were dead while all the treated vines were alive. ‘Carbernet Franc’ and ‘J. Riesling’ vines treated with imidacloprid had higher yields that the untreated vines within the two cultivars in the third season. ‘Reliance’ vines had higher soluble solids in vines treated with imidacloprid than in untreated vines. Survival at bud break of the fourth year was higher in treated than in untreated vines. Homalodisca coagulata (Say), H. insolita (F.), Oncometopia orbona (Walker) and Graphocephala versuta (Say) were the more abundant leafhopper vectors of PD in the experimental plot and in the surrounding fruit crops. Overall, this research suggests that under severe PD pressure vineyard life can be extended by about 1 yr by application of imidacloprid.

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