cortical network
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

583
(FIVE YEARS 142)

H-INDEX

65
(FIVE YEARS 6)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Leodori ◽  
Maria Ilenia De Bartolo ◽  
Andrea Guerra ◽  
Andrea Fabbrini ◽  
Lorenzo Rocchi ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Warm ◽  
Jonas Schroer ◽  
Anne Sinning

Throughout early phases of brain development, the two main neural signaling mechanisms—excitation and inhibition—are dynamically sculpted in the neocortex to establish primary functions. Despite its relatively late formation and persistent developmental changes, the GABAergic system promotes the ordered shaping of neuronal circuits at the structural and functional levels. Within this frame, interneurons participate first in spontaneous and later in sensory-evoked activity patterns that precede cortical functions of the mature brain. Upon their subcortical generation, interneurons in the embryonic brain must first orderly migrate to and settle in respective target layers before they can actively engage in cortical network activity. During this process, changes at the molecular and synaptic level of interneurons allow not only their coordinated formation but also the pruning of connections as well as excitatory and inhibitory synapses. At the postsynaptic site, the shift of GABAergic signaling from an excitatory towards an inhibitory response is required to enable synchronization within cortical networks. Concomitantly, the progressive specification of different interneuron subtypes endows the neocortex with distinct local cortical circuits and region-specific modulation of neuronal firing. Finally, the apoptotic process further refines neuronal populations by constantly maintaining a controlled ratio of inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Interestingly, many of these fundamental and complex processes are influenced—if not directly controlled—by electrical activity. Interneurons on the subcellular, cellular, and network level are affected by high frequency patterns, such as spindle burst and gamma oscillations in rodents and delta brushes in humans. Conversely, the maturation of interneuron structure and function on each of these scales feeds back and contributes to the generation of cortical activity patterns that are essential for the proper peri- and postnatal development. Overall, a more precise description of the conducting role of interneurons in terms of how they contribute to specific activity patterns—as well as how specific activity patterns impinge on their maturation as orchestra members—will lead to a better understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological development and function of the nervous system.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Luis Riquelme ◽  
Mike Hemberger ◽  
Gilles Laurent ◽  
Julijana Gjorgjieva

Single spikes can trigger repeatable sequences of spikes in cortical networks. The mechanisms that support reliable propagation from such small events and their functional consequences for network computations remain unclear. We investigated the conditions in which single spikes trigger reliable and temporally precise sequences in a network model constrained by experimental measurements from turtle cortex. We examined the roles of connectivity, synaptic strength, and spontaneous activity in the generation of sequences. Sparse but strong connections support sequence propagation, while dense but weak connections modulate propagation reliability. Unsupervised clustering reveals that sequences can be decomposed into sub-sequences corresponding to divergent branches of strongly connected neurons. The sparse backbone of strong connections defines few failure points where activity can be selectively gated, enabling the controlled routing of activity. These results reveal how repeatable sequences of activity can be triggered, sustained, and controlled, with significant implications for cortical computations.


Alcohol ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinia Pervin ◽  
John Pinner ◽  
Lucinda Flynn ◽  
Cassandra M. Cerros ◽  
Mareth E. Williams ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 100045
Author(s):  
Roman Kessler ◽  
Kristin M. Rusch ◽  
Kim C. Wende ◽  
Verena Schuster ◽  
Andreas Jansen

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Yu ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Jianping Wu ◽  
Qun Wang

Cortical network hyperexcitability is an inextricable feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that also might accelerate its progression. Seizures are reported in 10–22% of patients with AD, and subclinical epileptiform abnormalities have been identified in 21–42% of patients with AD without seizures. Accurate identification of hyperexcitability and appropriate intervention to slow the compromise of cognitive functions of AD might open up a new approach to treatment. Based on the results of several studies, epileptiform discharges, especially those with specific features (including high frequency, robust morphology, right temporal location, and occurrence during awake or rapid eye movement states), frequent small sharp spikes (SSSs), temporal intermittent rhythmic delta activities (TIRDAs), and paroxysmal slow wave events (PSWEs) recorded in long-term scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) provide sufficient sensitivity and specificity in detecting cortical network hyperexcitability and epileptogenicity of AD. In addition, magnetoencephalogram (MEG), foramen ovale (FO) electrodes, and computational approaches help to find subclinical seizures that are invisible on scalp EEGs. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the aforementioned electrophysiological biomarkers of AD-related seizures.


2021 ◽  
pp. JN-RM-0128-21
Author(s):  
Danilo Benette Marques ◽  
Rafael Naime Ruggiero ◽  
Lezio Soares Bueno-Junior ◽  
Matheus Teixeira Rossignoli ◽  
João Pereira Leite

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Jahn ◽  
Bettina Deak ◽  
Astrid Mayr ◽  
Anne Stankewitz ◽  
Daniel Keeser ◽  
...  

AbstractAnalyses of intrinsic network activity have been instrumental in revealing cortical processes that are altered in chronic pain patients. In a novel approach, we aimed to elucidate how intrinsic functional networks evolve in regard to the fluctuating intensity of the experience of chronic pain. In a longitudinal study with 156 fMRI sessions, 20 chronic back pain patients and 20 chronic migraine patients were asked to continuously rate the intensity of their endogenous pain. We investigated the relationship between the fluctuation of intrinsic network activity with the time course of subjective pain ratings. For chronic back pain, we found increased cortical network activity for the salience network and a local pontine network, as well as decreased network activity in the anterior and posterior default mode network for higher pain intensities. Higher pain intensities in chronic migraine were accompanied with lower activity in a prefrontal cortical network. By taking the perspective of the individual, we focused on the variability of the subjective perception of pain, which include phases of relatively low pain and phases of relatively high pain. The present design of the assessment of ongoing endogenous pain can be a powerful and promising tool to assess the signature of a patient’s endogenous pain encoding.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1616-1617
Author(s):  
Molly Hermiller ◽  
Uma Mohan ◽  
Michael Sperling ◽  
Richard Gorniak ◽  
Ashwini Sharan ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document