ON-BOARD DIGITAL SWITCHING OPTIONS FOR CIVIL COMMUNICATION SATELLITES

Рассматриваются варианты построения полезных нагрузок с цифровой коммутацией для спутниковой связи на примере перспективного космического аппарата «Экспресс-АМУ4». Показано, что использование цифровой коммутации в отечественных спутниках связи позволяет обеспечить гибкость оказания услуг и более успешно конкурировать с зарубежными спутниковыми системами связи. This article considers variants of digital switching payloads for satellite communications on the example of a promising spacecraft Express-AMU4. It is shown that the use of digital switching in domestic communication satellites allows providing flexibility in the provision of services and more successfully competing with foreign satellite communication systems.

How to switch to agomelatine after an unsuccessful try with paroxetine or venlafaxine

Objective/introductionThe present trial informs clinicians about switching conditions with the antidepressant agomelatine after the failure of a treatment with either paroxetine or venlafaxine.MethodsThe total number of discontinuation-emergent symptoms, according to the Discontinuation-Emergent Signs and Symptoms checklist, was compared in double-blind conditions after 3 switching options: immediate substitution or initiation of agomelatine (25 mg/day p.o.) with either a short- or long-tapering of the previous drug. Secondary objectives included tolerability and safety assessments and the early clinical benefit after the switch.ResultsFor all switching options, a withdrawal syndrome was observed 1 week after cessation of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)/serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) treatment. Psychic symptoms were the most frequently reported, and somatic symptoms were comparatively few. Early discontinuation symptoms after cessation of SSRI/SNRI treatment did not prejudice the antidepressant benefits of agomelatine over 8 weeks.ConclusionsBoth abrupt and start–taper switching with agomelatine are options in everyday practice for those patients who have not responded to either paroxetine or venlafaxine. However, regardless of the switching strategy, the present double-blind study shows that early discontinuation symptoms that arise upon cessation of SSRI/SNRI can alter the patients’ perception of the clinical benefit of the new antidepressant. Both practitioners and patients must be warned about these early discontinuation symptoms to prevent the symptoms from being confounded with a lack of therapeutic benefit of the new treatment.

THE POWER OF REAL OPTIONS IN GAMES BETTING: AN APPLICATION OF SWITCHING OPTIONS

There are varieties of real options, which include shrinking, expanding, switching and abandon options. This paper applies a switching real options approach to the game betting which allows the gamblers to switch between teams during the game. The volatility of odds is not only a source of concern for the gamblers but also a source of profit opportunities. In this paper, we combine features of the odds volatility and options to switch and find that with low switching cost, gamblers can exploit the variability of a team's odds volatility to increase their profits.