Distributed Photovoltaic Generation and Impact on Voltage Profiles of Distribution Feeders

Distributed Photovoltaic applications bring considerable benefits to the distribution network, especially in regions with high irradiation levels. This work contributes to the efforts of adapting Distributed Photovoltaic applications in Iraq, as it has high irradiation levels. The development of a Photovoltaic physical model for Distributed Photovoltaic installations under actual weather conditions has been presented. Additionally, the impact of Distributed Photovoltaic installations connected at downstream points of distribution feeders on the voltage profile along those feeders has been discussed. Based on that, a suitable procedure to assess this impact has been developed under four different scenarios. A case study of the existing 11 kV feeder in Baghdad has been used to apply the developed procedure by considering different scenarios of Distributed Photovoltaic integration. The case study concluded no over-voltage issues along the feeder, even with the extreme conditions of applied scenarios, related to voltage level at the feeder head, capacity and location of the Distributed Photovoltaic plant, and load/ Distributed Photovoltaic profiles of summer and winter.

An Investigation of Ingots Teemed under Different Thermal and Physical Solidification Conditions and the Analysis of Metal Quality of the Hollow Forgings Produced

Optical and electron microscopy are used in the paper to analyze the quality of the cast metal of a 1.53 ton ingot of steel 38ХН3МФАteemed with a cooling feeder head. In addition, the analysis of the metal of hollow forgings produced from ingots with “cooled” and thermally insulated feeders is performed. A metallographic study reveals that if the ingot top is cooled down, it results in an accelerated solidification throughout the entire mass of the ingot; in addition, the thermal centre shifts to the ingot central axial area.

A New Modular Coaxial Feeder Nozzle in Laser Cladding

The powder feeder head is studied, which is one of the key to laser cladding. In view of many coaxial nozzles that are used nowadays, we have found that while cladding is doing, most of the nozzles have poor affect on powder-gathering. So as have researched on the theoretical and experiments, we designed a new coaxial nozzle, which has a great affect on powder-gathering, and can be modular disassembled. We have researched on powder stream theoretically, shot the morphology of powder stream by using high-resolution CCD camera, and analyzed the parameters of powder stream. And this new coaxial nozzle has been used in laser cladding experiments.

Computer Aided Design of Feeders for Castings

This paper describes a software module, contained within a design-for-casting package, which aids the user in designing efficient feeding systems for castings. The user can choose a shape suitable for a particular casting condition from a file containing a variety of feeder head types. The feeder heads are placed relative to the casting in positions appropriate to hot spots identified by a ‘heat centre’ module within the package. The number and size of heads are chosen with the aid of built-in rules that aid the user. The module provides a rationale for people, both skilled and unskilled, who have to design for casting. The validity of the design rules and guidelines within the module is demonstrated by casting three widely different shapes with and without feeders.