hot spots
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2022 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 106017
Author(s):  
Charalampos Dimitriadis ◽  
Antonios D. Mazaris ◽  
Stelios Katsanevakis ◽  
Andreas Iosifakis ◽  
Efthimios Spinos ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 106010
Author(s):  
Jinhui Wang ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Lei Zhuang ◽  
Long Shi ◽  
Shaogang Zhang

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Lina Galinskaitė ◽  
Alius Ulevičius ◽  
Vaidotas Valskys ◽  
Arūnas Samas ◽  
Peter E. Busher ◽  
...  

Vehicle collisions with animals pose serious issues in countries with well-developed highway networks. Both expanding wildlife populations and the development of urbanised areas reduce the potential contact distance between wildlife species and vehicles. Many recent studies have been conducted to better understand the factors that influence wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVCs) and provide mitigation methods. Most of these studies examined road density, traffic volume, seasonal fluctuations, etc. However, in analysing the distribution of WVC, few studies have considered a spatial and significant distance geostatistical analysis approach that includes how different land-use categories are associated with the distance to WVCs. Our study investigated the spatial distribution of agricultural land, meadows and pastures, forests, built-up areas, rivers, lakes, and ponds, to highlight the most dangerous sections of roadways where WVCs occur. We examined six potential ‘hot spot’ distances (5–10–25–50–100–200 m) to evaluate the role different landscape elements play in the occurrence of WVC. The near analysis tool showed that a distance of 10–25 m to different landscape elements provided the most sensitive results. Hot spots associated with agricultural land, forests, as well as meadows and pastures, peaked on roadways in close proximity (10 m), while hot spots associated with built-up areas, rivers, lakes, and ponds peaked on roadways farther (200 m) from these land-use types. We found that the order of habitat importance in WVC hot spots was agricultural land < forests < meadows and pastures < built-up areas < rivers < lakes and ponds. This methodological approach includes general hot-spot analysis as well as differentiated distance analysis which helps to better reveal the influence of landscape structure on WVCs.


2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongling Zhong ◽  
Yuxi Li ◽  
Yijie Huang ◽  
Xiaojuan Hong ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
...  

Objective: To analyze the research hot spots and frontiers of molecular mechanisms of exercise on cancer via CiteSpace.Method: Related publications in the Web of Science Core Collection Science Citation Index Expanded were retrieved from inception to November 27th, 2021. Then we used CiteSpace to generate network maps and identify top authors, institutions, countries, keywords, co-cited authors, journals, references and research trends.Results: A total of 1,130 related publications were retrieved. The most productive author and journal were Lee W Jones and PLOS ONE. Hanahan D and Warburg O were the most cited authors. Fudan University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University were the leading institutions, while China was the leading country. Top-cited authors and references generally focused on the epidemiology and hallmarks of cancer. Top five keywords with both high frequency and high betweenness centrality were breast cancer, aerobic glycolysis, oxidative stress, gene expression, skeletal muscle. Keyword “warburg effect” ranked first with the highest citation burst, while “inflammation”, “hepatocellular carcinoma”, “epithelial mesenchymal transition”, and “adipose tissue” were emerging research foci.Conclusion: This study analyzed the research hot spots and frontiers of molecular mechanisms of exercise on cancer via CiteSpace. Based on the results, altered metabolism (aerobic glycolysis, insulin resistance, myokines), oxidative stress, gene expression and apoptosis were hot-research mechanisms of exercise on cancer. Emerging research foci of mechanisms were generally around inflammation, epithelial mesenchymal transition and adipokines. In addition, future studies could carry in-depth research of interactions between different mechanisms and try to elucidate the recommended doses and intensities of exercise for cancer, especially in breast, colorectal, prostate cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Guiming Zhang

Volunteer-contributed geographic data (VGI) is an important source of geospatial big data that support research and applications. A major concern on VGI data quality is that the underlying observation processes are inherently biased. Detecting observation hot-spots thus helps better understand the bias. Enabled by the parallel kernel density estimation (KDE) computational tool that can run on multiple GPUs (graphics processing units), this study conducted point pattern analyses on tens of millions of iNaturalist observations to detect and visualize volunteers’ observation hot-spots across spatial scales. It was achieved by setting varying KDE bandwidths in accordance with the spatial scales at which hot-spots are to be detected. The succession of estimated density surfaces were then rendered at a sequence of map scales for visual detection of hot-spots. This study offers an effective geovisualization scheme for hierarchically detecting hot-spots in massive VGI datasets, which is useful for understanding the pattern-shaping drivers that operate at multiple spatial scales. This research exemplifies a computational tool that is supported by high-performance computing and capable of efficiently detecting and visualizing multi-scale hot-spots in geospatial big data and contributes to expanding the toolbox for geospatial big data analytics.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Fu ◽  
Mónica Mota ◽  
Xiaofei Xiao ◽  
Andrea Jacassi ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
...  

Abstract The Raman scattering of light by molecular vibrations offers a powerful technique to ‘fingerprint’ molecules via their internal bonds and symmetries. Since Raman scattering is weak1, methods to enhance, direct and harness it are highly desirable, e.g. through the use of optical cavities2, waveguides3–6, and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)7–9. While SERS offers dramatic enhancements6,15,22,2 by localizing light within vanishingly small ‘hot-spots’ in metallic nanostructures, these tiny interaction volumes are only sensitive to few molecules, yielding weak signals that are difficult to detect10 . Here, we show that SERS from 4-Aminothiophenol (4-ATP) molecules bonded to a plasmonic gap waveguide is directed into a single mode with > 99% efficiency. Although sacrificing a confinement dimension, we find > 104 times SERS enhancement across a broad spectral range enabled by the waveguide’s larger sensing volume and non-resonant mode. Remarkably, the waveguide-SERS (W-SERS) is bright enough to image Raman transport across the waveguides exposing the roles of nanofocusing11–13 and the Purcell effect14. Emulating the e-factor from laser physics15–17, the near unity Raman -factor observed exposes the SERS technique in a new light and points to alternative routes to controlling Raman scattering. The ability of W-SERS to direct Raman scattering is relevant to Raman sensors based on integrated photonics7–9 with applications in gas and bio-sensing as well as healthcare.


Ecosystems ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Douglas ◽  
J. Gammal ◽  
H. R. Needham ◽  
F. Stephenson ◽  
M. Townsend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2022 ◽  
pp. SP520-2021-135
Author(s):  
J. L. Smellie

AbstractThree discrete categories of sedimentary deposits are associated with glaciovolcanism: englacial cavity, jökulhlaup and lahar. Englacial cavity deposits are found in water-filled chambers in the lee of active glaciovolcanoes or at a locus of enhanced geothermal heat flux. The cavities provide a depocentre for the accumulation of debris, either abundant fresh juvenile debris with sparse dropstones (associated with active glaciovolcanism) or polymict basal glacial debris in which dropstones are abundant (associated with geothermal hot spots). Described examples are uncommon. By contrast, volcanogenic jökulhlaup deposits are abundant, mainly in Iceland, where they form extensive sandar sequences associated with ice-covered volcanoes. Jökulhlaups form as a result of the sudden subglacial discharge of stored meltwater. Analogous deposits known as glaciovolcanic sheet-like sequences represent the ultra-proximal lateral equivalents deposited under the ice. Glaciovolcanic lahars are associated with ice-capped volcanoes. They form as a result of explosive eruptions through relatively thin ice or following dome collapse, and they trigger mainly supraglacial rather than subglacial meltwater escape. Sediment transport and depositional processes are similar in jökulhaups and lahars and are dominated by debris flow and hyperconcentrated or supercritical flow modes during the main flood stage, although the proportions of the principal lithofacies are different.


Diagnostics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Hanna Rüschenschmidt ◽  
Gerd Fabian Volk ◽  
Christoph Anders ◽  
Orlando Guntinas-Lichius

There are currently no data on the electromyography (EMG) of all intrinsic and extrinsic ear muscles. The aim of this work was to develop a standardized protocol for a reliable surface EMG examination of all nine ear muscles in twelve healthy participants. The protocol was then applied in seven patients with unilateral postparalytic facial synkinesis. Based on anatomic preparations of all ear muscles on two cadavers, hot spots for the needle EMG of each individual muscle were defined. Needle and surface EMG were performed in one healthy participant; facial movements could be defined for the reliable activation of individual ear muscles’ surface EMG. In healthy participants, most tasks led to the activation of several ear muscles without any side difference. The greatest EMG activity was seen when smiling. Ipsilateral and contralateral gaze were the only movements resulting in very distinct activation of the transversus auriculae and obliquus auriculae muscles. In patients with facial synkinesis, ear muscles’ EMG activation was stronger on the postparalytic compared to the contralateral side for most tasks. Additionally, synkinetic activation was verifiable in the ear muscles. The surface EMG of all ear muscles is reliably feasible during distinct facial tasks, and ear muscle EMG enriches facial electrodiagnostics.


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