DNA Barcoding of Medicinal Orchid Dendrobium discolor Lindl. Tanimbar Using rbcL and ITS genes

<p>Dendrobium discolor<em> Lindl., Tanimbar is one of the medicinal orchids that has been used to treat skin diseases. Morphologically, </em>D. discolor<em> Tanimbar shows similarities with </em>D. discolor<em> Merauke and </em>D. bigibbum<em>, making it challenging to identify. DNA barcoding using ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase large </em>(rbcL)<em> and Internal Transcribed Spacer </em>(ITS)<em> markers expected to be used to identify </em>D. discolor<em> accurately. This study aimed to identify potential DNA sequences as barcodes for the identification of medicinal orchid </em>D. discolor<em> Tanimbar using molecular markers </em>rbcL<em> and </em>ITS<em>. The DNA genome of </em>D. discolor<em> Tanimbar was isolated and used as a template in the PCR reaction. The resulting amplicons were then sequenced. The results showed that the </em>rbcL<em> gene sequence of </em>D. discolor<em> had high homology with </em>D. salaccense<em> (Accession: LC193510.1, Prect. Ident : 99.45 %), whereas the </em>ITS<em> had high homology with </em>D. nindii <em>(Accession: AY239985.1 Identification: 98.67 %). Bioinformatics analysis showed that the </em>rbcL<em> gene sequence from </em>D. discolor<em> had more homology sequence than the </em>ITS<em>. However, the </em>ITS<em> sequence was more specific and could differentiate to species level. Based on the results of this study, the </em>ITS<em> sequence can be recommended as a molecular marker for the identification of the medicinal orchid </em>D. discolor<em> Tanimbar.</em></p>

The homology groups of the space $\Omega_n(m)$

The spaces $\Omega_n(m)$ that generalize the spaces $\Omega_n$ are introduced. In order to investigate the homotopy invariants of the space $\Omega_n(m)$ the CW-structure of the space $\Omega_n(m)$ is built. Using exact homology sequence the homology groups of the space $\Omega_n(m)$ are calculated.

IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIAL AUTOTRANSPORTERS

Bacterial Autotransporters is a huge and assorted super family of proteins present in external boundary of the gram negative bacteria. Autotransporters consists of C-terminal beta domain, N-terminal passenger domain and a pathogenic function. The beta domain of the bacterial autotransporter is associated with pathogenicity with three types of functions namely adhesions, esterase and proteases. Identification and classification of a bacterial autotransporter is important in order to target it and hinder its ability to cause disease. Identification and classification therefore has become a challenging problem due to its homology sequence. In this paper, we ought to establish a web based tool that could identify and classify bacterial autotransporters on basis of homology with already reported bacterial autotransporters. The input required for tool amino acid sequence in FASTA format. The tool will analyze the query based on similarity with already reported sequence in database and generate output with information in terms of function, organism, class, length, protein ID and symbol. Further, this user friendly and freely accessible tool is integrated with NCBI, InterPro, Pfam, pubmed. Moreover, newly detected bacterial autotransporter can be easily added in the Bacterial Autotransporter Detector tool database with authentic reference

On satellites in semi-abelian categories: Homology without projectives

Working in a semi-abelian context, we use Janelidze's theory of generalised satellites to study universal properties of the Everaert long exact homology sequence. This results in a new definition of homology which does not depend on the existence of projective objects. We explore the relations with other notions of homology, and thus prove a version of the higher Hopf formulae. We also work out some examples.