Választások és politikai szereplők a Dél-afrikai Köztársaságban

After the wasted decade of the Zuma presidency, Cyril Ramaphosa promised a renewal in South Africa in 2018. The post-state capture condition of the former economic and moral champion of the continent did not favor to regain either the confidence of the voters or of the investors. While the country had been prepairing for the sixth free general elections (25 years after the fall of the apartheid-regime), most of the domestic socio-economic problems remained unsolved. Inequality, unemployment, education, corruption, land reform and provision of public services are still the most important topics of the public talk and determined the focus of the campaign. The publication introduces the party structure of the country, the leaders of the biggest South African parties, what is more the causes and the consequences of the sixth consecutive success of the African National Congress (ANC). The article includes an analysis of the results of the national and provincial elections and beside the electoral analysis the author tries to introduce the dynamics of power within the factions of the ruling African National Congress party, adding an outlook on the members of the new Ramaphosa Cabinet. Last but not least the publication describes the most important authorities and bodies who tackle the thriving corruption in the ANC and in the subsystems of the state.

Population dynamic of Big Eye Scad (Selar crumenophthalmus Bloch, 1793) in Kwandang Waters-Sulawesi Sea

Big eye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus) is one of important small pelagic fish which is exploited in Kwandang waters-Sulawesi Sea. The exploitation of this species has been increasing every year. This research was carried out to study the growth, mortality and exploitation of bigeye scad in the Kwandang waters during January-November 2016. The von Bertalanffy growth equation was derived as Lt = 25.95(1 - e 1,01(t+-0.16374)) with length between 14.9 -26.4 cm FL (average length 18,64 cm). The size at first capture (Lc) was estimated as 18.69 cm. The total, natural and fishing mortality rates were assessed as 4.28, 1.90 and 2.38 year−1, respectively. The exploitation rate (E) of 0.56 per year indicates that the degree of harvesting leads to a more capture condition.. The management that must be applied is to reduce fishing efforts to 12% of the current situation and to consider temporarily closing fishing activities (closing season).