Déjà vu: economic determinants of Russia’s power in the historical perspective (1890–2020)

What reasons stood behind the instability of the power position of Russia over the last 130 years? This analysis, covering three periods of time: 1890–1913, 1980–1991, and 2000–2020, reveals astonishing similarities of structural economic problems that led to severe economic and socio-political crises. Despite different causes, each time the crisis was triggered by insufficient savings compared to needs resulting from a program of economic modernisation and imperial policy, low competitiveness of industry, and dependence on export of raw materials. These vulnerabilities of Russia became especially apparent under extraordinary circumstances (wars, economic blockades, sanctions).

The Post-COVID-19 Future: State Capability in Ensuring Shared Prosperity

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused profound upheavals in national communities, from humanitarian disasters to unprecedented economic downturns. All the consequences of COVID-19 have made it necessary to understand the reasons for state inefficiency and its traditional functions of ensuring economic balance and financial stability in the period before COVID-19. In fact, inefficiency is a fundamental problem of modern socioeconomic systems. Only a violation of societal integrity can explain why economic isolation and social distancing managed to instantly destroy economic structures, cause a loss in confidence in governments by citizens and increase the potential for protest against the extraordinary actions of nation-states in the fight against COVID-19. At the end of 2020, there was universal agreement about a fundamentally uncertain post-COVID-19 reality. Many progressive specialists have expressed the opinion that the degree of future socioeconomic progress directly depends on the abilities of policymakers to prioritise societal integrity in solving economic problems and achieving the goal of shared prosperity in the future

A Comparative Study on Socio-Economic Impact of COVID- 19 Pandemic on Fisheries Industry in Tangalle Divisional Secretariat Division

The COVID-19 pandemic, which has provided the basis for creating a highly problematic environment in every sector of the world today has also had a significant impact on the fisheries industry which is one of the world’s leading economic activities. The main objective of this study was to examine the socio-economic impacts on fisheries industry before and during COVID-19 pandemic situation with special reference to Tangalle Divisional Secretariat Division. The study was based on the four Grama Niladhari Divisions of Kudawella North, Central, South and West associated with the Kudawella Fisheries Harbor. Primary data was collected from a field survey using a semi structured questionnaire from 74 fishing families representing the 75% of the population under stratified random sampling. Paired T test was carried out to test the variables comparatively before and after COVID-19 pandemic to confirm the result statistically. In addition, simple statistical methods were used for the quantitative assessment. Results revealed that the epidemic situation had a significant socio-economic impact on the fishing industry during the COVID-19 pandemic situation such as declining income, growth of indebtedness, disruption of children’s education, mental distress and social stigma. Suggestions were identified to mitigate the impacts. In this context, it was concluded that the COVID-19 epidemic has primarily affected the fisheries industry and as a result, created many socio-economic problems for the fisheries community.

Ensuring sustainable spatial development from the perspective of land relations regulation

Solving new problems of sustainable development of society and territories requires improving the regulation of land relations to meet the managerial, production and technological needs of society. Improving the efficiency of regulating land relations and the use of lands of all categories in the context of their global degradation is one of the most important socio-economic problems in modern conditions. To solve the problems of land management, their rational use and protection, optimization of agricultural production, taking into account the environmental safety of products, an integrated approach to the regulation of land relations is needed, which is provided by the system of land management and land monitoring. The need to improve land relations management is obvious and indisputable, and the topic of the work seems relevant and timely. The purpose of the work is to develop practical recommendations for improving the mechanism of land relations management at the state and municipal level. Management decision-making should be based on the principles of strategic and tactical planning of innovation activities, taking into account the geopolitical, economic and socio-cultural specifics of the territory.

Epistemologi Fikih Filantropi Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia

Handling economic problems in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic necessitates the importance of cooperation from all elements of society with the government in offering various alternative solutions. This study intends to explore and identify the epistemological basis of Islamic law in the construction of the Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) Nomor 23 Tahun 2020 Tentang Pemanfaatan Harta Zakat, Infak, dan Shadaqah Untuk Penanggulangan Wabah Covid-19 dan Dampaknya. This qualitative research is in the form of a literature review with a normative philosophical approach. The analytical theory used is the paradigm of idealism and realism of Islamic law. The results of the study state that the epistemological construction of Islamic law in the MUI fatwa Number 23 of 2020 tends to emphasize the idealism paradigm of Islamic law. First, universal ethical moral values ('am) which are taken from the theological text basis (nas). Second, the use of the rules of Islamic law (qawaid fiqhiyah) which emphasizes the rules of maslahah mursalah (public benefit).Third, the opinion of classical scholars.This finding shows that the presence of the MUI Fatwa in responding to contemporary problems is not always based on the realism paradigm of Islamic law, but also based on the idealism paradigm of Islamic law by making the foundations of theological normative texts and the repertoire of classical fiqh thought as the epistemological basis of its fatwa, as well as in addressing socio-economic problems that arise. caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia.

Modern Increasing Environmental Problems of Atmosphere Pollution Leading to Significant Increase in Planet Population Deaths and Economic Damage to Global Economy

The article analyzes two existing social, technical and economic problems which the world community shall focus on and pay special attention to.

Gestão Sustentável nas Empresas: uma análise da sustentabilidade na percepção de estudantes de Administração ## Sustainable Management in Companies: an analysis of sustainability in Business Administration students´ perception

As empresas eram vistas apenas como organizações econômicas com responsabilidades referentes a resolver problemas econômicos fundamentais e agora têm presenciado o surgimento de novos papéis que devem ser desempenhados, dentre eles, a conscientização com os problemas ambientais e sociais. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar a gestão sustentável nas empresas, na percepção dos estudantes do Curso de Administração da UFCG e FAI Nordeste. A pesquisa se justifica pela necessidade de incentivar os empresários e futuros administradores a preservarem o meio ambiente, contribuindo também para incentivá-los a realizar práticas de gestão ambiental. A metodologia utilizada é de abordagem quantitativa, natureza aplicada e do tipo descritiva. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado um questionário, aplicado a 129 estudantes. Pode-se constatar que muitos estudantes consideram o desenvolvimento sustentável uma ferramenta capaz de manter o equilíbrio entre as dimensões do Triple Bottom Line (TBL). Bem como acreditam que a sustentabilidade gera lucros às empresas, mantendo-as em vantagem competitiva, além de consideram a Educação Ambiental de fundamental importância ao Curso de Administração. Esta pesquisa é de grande relevância para o meio acadêmico e social em geral, pois, ressalta o dever de incentivar a conscientização sobre a preservação do meio ambiente, contribuindo diretamente com a atuação profissional dos futuros administradores a realizarem práticas de gestão sustentável nas empresas. ABSTRACTCompanies were seen only as economic organizations with responsibilities for resolving fundamental economic problems and now have witnessed the emergence of new roles to be played, among them, awareness of environmental problems. The general objective of this work is to analyze the sustainable management in the companies, in the perception of the students of the Administration Course of the UFCG and FAI Nordeste. The research is justified by the need to encourage entrepreneurs and future managers to preserve the environment, and also to encourage them to carry out environmental management practices. The methodology used is a quantitative approach, applied nature and descriptive type. For data collection, a questionnaire was used, applied to 129 students. It can be seen that many students consider sustainable development as a tool capable of maintaining the balance between the dimensions of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL). And they believe that sustainability is profitable businesses, keeping them at a competitive advantage, as well as consider the environmental education of fundamental importance to the Administration Course. This research is of great importance for academic and social environment in general, therefore, emphasizes the duty to encourage awareness of the preservation of the environment, contributing directly to the professional performance of future managers to undertake sustainable management practices in companies.

Mortar Based on Dune Sand and Substitute Wood Sawdust: Physico-Mechanical Characterization and Relationship Between Properties in Young Age

The South of Algeria is known for these immense sand dunes, which cover part of its territory (Sahara). The main objective of this study is the recovery of sands dune and wood waste (sawdust). The latter, which constitutes a potential source of several environmental and economic problems. The objective of this present work is to characterize the physico-mechanical properties at a young age of a dune sand-based mortar lightened by wood waste and to examine the suitability of using it for various applications in the construction of buildings. The improvement of the characteristics of these sands, which essentially formed of sand untapped to date and with the sole aim of enhancing this national sand wealth. The formulation of the mixtures is based on the substitution of dune sand by sawdust, at different weight contents 0, 10, 20 and 30%. The quantity of cement is fixed at 450 g. The results obtained show firstly that the introduction of sawdust improves the characteristics of the mixture (grain size tends to be spread out, reduction in densities), and secondly the physico-mechanical characteristics, especially at 30% substitution (reduction absorption by total immersion of 20.50%, porosity of 28.32%, wet density of 1.73% and dry density of 14.94% and increase in tensile strength of 61.43% and in compression of 63.87%). The effect of sawdust on the relationships between the properties of mortars was clearly noted either for the relationships between early strengths or between compressive and tensile strengths.

THE FUNCTIONING OF HUMANITARIAN AID IN THE MALAGASY URBAN ENVIRONMENT TO ENSURE RESILIENCE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

In Madagascar, faced with a galloping poverty rate, diseases, malnutrition, natural disasters, unemployment, illiteracy and illiteracy are hitting the population hard. In this context, social and economic aid aimed at an increasingly vulnerable population group is diversifying considerably. In general, humanitarians come to the aid of the most vulnerable to restore human dignity and alleviate the suffering of families in precarious situations. The question then becomes how will these humanitarian actions work to ensure resilience for socially sustainable development? This study, which aims to analyze the functioning of NGOs in the resolution of post-disaster socio-economic problems, allows us to affirm that taking into account the underlying factors: structural and situational, contributes to the achievement of the expected objectives for the strengthening of their resilience.

Islamic Philanthropy and Poverty Reduction in Indonesia: The Role of Integrated Islamic Social and Commercial Finance Institutions

The recent studies about the role of Islamic philanthropy in addressing socio-economic problems have been growing and confirming its significant role in overcoming the problem. This is in line with the existence of regulations that support the effectiveness of its role in poverty reduction in Indonesia, such as Law No. 23 of 2011 on Zakat Management and Law No. 41 of 2004 on Waqf. This study has two objectives. First, to analyze the impact of Islamic philanthropy on poverty reduction as the socio-economic problems in Indonesia in the short and long run. Second, to analyze the effectiveness of integrated Islamic commercial and social-economic or finance to address the poverty compared to unintegrated one. This study used Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to analyze annual data for the period of 2002-2019 while investigating the long and short-run relationships among variables. It found that Islamic philanthropy reduces poverty both in the short and long run, particularly in the integration of Islamic social and commercial finance in a single model. The government should therefore include Islamic philanthropy or other Islamic social finances as a fundamental strategy for building financial stability and sustainable development. (Menjamurnya studi-studi terbaru terkait peran filantropi Islam dalam mengatasi masalah sosial-ekonomi telah mengkonfirmasi peran pentingnya dalam mengatasi masalah ini. Hal ini sejalan dengan adanya regulasi yang mendukung efektivitas perannya dalam pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia, seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2011 tentang Pengelolaan Zakat dan Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf. Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan. Pertama, untuk menganalisis dampak filantropi Islam terhadap penurunan tingkat kemiskinan sebagai sebuah permasalahan sosial-ekonomi di Indonesia, baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Kedua, untuk menganalisis efektifitas integrasi atau antara filantropi dan komersial dalam kerangka ekonomi Islam dalam mengatasi permasalahan kemiskinan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) untuk menginvestigasi hubungan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang antara filantropi Islam dan tingkat kemiskinan selama periode tahun 2002-2019. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa filantropi Islam dapat menurunkan tingkat kemiskinan baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa ketika filantropi dan komersial dalam kerangka ekonomi Islam diintegrasikan, tingkat kemiskinan dapat diturunkan baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Pemerintah seyogiyanya menempatkan filantropi Islam sebagai kebijakan dan strategi fundamental dalam rangka mewujudkan stabilitas keuangan dan pembangunan berkelanjutan.)