Identifying Early Extraperitoneal High-Volume Urine Leak Post Kidney Transplantation

Transplant clinicians need to be watchful of several potential surgical complications in the early post-transplant period, including haemorrhage, extraperitoneal urine leak, and lymphocele. While haemorrhage and extraperitoneal urine leak usually present in the early post kidney transplant period, lymphoceles usually present 2–6 weeks after transplantation. While the colour and volume of the drained fluid can give some indication of the problem, is not enough evidence for a confident urine leak diagnosis. Further investigations, such as serum biochemical parameter analysis of the drained fluid and ultrasonography, help to identify the true cause. This paper discusses how to identify high-volume extraperitoneal urine leaks in the early post kidney transplant period and considers the differential diagnoses. Different ureteroneocystostomy procedures, including the Lich–Grégoir, Politano–Leadbetter, and U-stitch techniques, are discussed and compared regarding complication rates (especially urine leak and haematuria). The authors also address the management of low- and high-volume extraperitoneal urine leak, the follow-up needed, and the impact of urine leak on graft and patient survival, length of hospital stay, and rate of hospital readmission.

Influence of housing types and sex on the growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical parameter of broiler chickens

This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of housing types and sex on growth and blood parameters of Arbor Acre broiler chickens. Three hundred (300) chicks, at two weeks of age were divided into two groups (male and female) each containing 150 birds. Each group was randomly sub-divided into two housing systems (deep litter and deep litter with run) consisting of three replicates with 25 birds per replicate and were fed ad libitum. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The housing type had no significant effect on the growth parameters measured. However, weight gain, feed intake and protein intake were influenced (p<0.05) by sex. The effect of interaction between housing type and sex on the growth performances showed that male in the two housing systems had better (p<0.05) performances than female. However, the female chickens in deep litter performed better (p<0.05) than their female counterpart in deep litter with run. Haematological and biochemical parameters were not influenced by the main effect of housing type and sex. The interaction effect between the housing types and sex on the haematological and serum biochemical parameters had effect (p<0.05) only on basophil and aspartate transferase. It was concluded that Arbor acre male broiler chickens can be raised on any of the housing types while female should be raised only on deep litter for better performance.