Hilbert \(C^{*}\)-modules in which all relatively strictly closed submodules are complemented

We give the characterization and description of all full Hilbert modules and associated algebras having the property that each relatively strictly closed submodule is orthogonally complemented. A strict topology is determined by an essential closed two-sided ideal in the associated algebra and a related ideal submodule. It is shown that these are some modules over hereditary algebras containing the essential ideal isomorphic to the algebra of (not necessarily all) compact operators on a Hilbert space. The characterization and description of that broader class of Hilbert modules and their associated algebras is given. As auxiliary results we give properties of strict and relatively strict submodule closures, the characterization of orthogonal closedness and orthogonal complementing property for single submodules, relation of relative strict topology and projections, properties of outer direct sums with respect to the ideals in \(\ell_\infty\) and isomorphisms of Hilbert modules, and we prove some properties of hereditary algebras and associated hereditary modules with respect to the multiplier algebras, multiplier Hilbert modules, corona algebras and corona modules.

Crosscap two of class of graphs from commutative rings

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring with identity and [Formula: see text] be the set of all nonzero zero-divisors of [Formula: see text]. The annihilator graph of commutative ring [Formula: see text] is the simple undirected graph [Formula: see text] with vertices [Formula: see text] and two distinct vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are adjacent if and only if [Formula: see text]. The essential graph of [Formula: see text] is defined as the graph [Formula: see text] with the vertex set [Formula: see text] and two distinct vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are adjacent if and only if [Formula: see text] is an essential ideal. In this paper, we classify all finite commutative rings with identity whose annihilator graph and essential graph have crosscap two.

Relative Essential Ideals in N-groups

Let $G$ be an $N$-group where $N$ is a (right) nearring. We introduce the concept of relative essential ideal (or $N$-subgroup) as a generalization of the concept of essential submodule of a module over a ring or a nearring. We provide suitable examples to distinguish the notions relative essential and essential ideals. We prove the important properties and obtain equivalent conditions for the relative essential ideals (or $N$-subgroups) involving the quotient. Further, we derive results on direct sums, complement ideals of $N$-groups and obtain their properties under homomorphism.

On the compressed essential graph of a module over a commutative ring

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring and [Formula: see text] be an [Formula: see text]-module. The compressed essential graph of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text] is a simple undirected graph associated to [Formula: see text] whose vertices are classes of torsion elements of [Formula: see text] and two distinct classes [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are adjacent if and only if [Formula: see text] is an essential ideal of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study diameter and girth of [Formula: see text] and we characterize all modules for which the compressed essential graph is connected. Moreover, it is proved that [Formula: see text], whenever [Formula: see text] is Noetherian and [Formula: see text] is a finitely generated multiplication module with [Formula: see text].

2-LOCAL DERIVATIONS ON SEMISIMPLE BANACH ALGEBRAS WITH MINIMAL LEFT IDEALS

Let ${\mathcal{A}}$ be a semisimple Banach algebra with minimal left ideals and $\text{soc}({\mathcal{A}})$ be the socle of ${\mathcal{A}}$ . We prove that if $\text{soc}({\mathcal{A}})$ is an essential ideal of ${\mathcal{A}}$ , then every 2-local derivation on ${\mathcal{A}}$ is a derivation. As applications of this result, we can easily show that every 2-local derivation on some algebras, such as semisimple modular annihilator Banach algebras, strongly double triangle subspace lattice algebras and ${\mathcal{J}}$ -subspace lattice algebras, is a derivation.

On rings of real valued clopen continuous functions

<p>Among variant kinds of strong continuity in the literature, the clopen continuity or cl-supercontinuity (i.e., inverse image of every open set is a union of clopen sets) is considered in this paper. We investigate and study the ring C_s(X) of all real valued clopen continuous functions on a topological space X. It is shown that every ƒ ∈ C_s(X) is constant on each quasi-component in X and using this fact we show that C_s(X) ≅ C(Y), where Y is a zero-dimensional s-quotient space of X. Whenever X is locally connected, we observe that C_s(X) ≅ C(Y), where Y is a discrete space. Maximal ideals of C_s(X) are characterized in terms of quasi-components in X and it turns out that X is mildly compact(every clopen cover has a finite subcover) if and only if every maximal ideal of C_s(X)is fixed. It is shown that the socle of C_s(X) is an essential ideal if and only if the union of all open quasi-components in X is s-dense. Finally the counterparts of some familiar spaces, such as P_s-spaces, almost P_s-spaces, s-basically and s-extremally disconnected spaces are defined and some algebraic characterizations of them are given via the ring C_s(X).</p>

The essential ideal graph of a commutative ring

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring with identity. The essential ideal graph of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is a graph whose vertex set is the set of all nonzero proper ideals of [Formula: see text] and two vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are adjacent whenever [Formula: see text] is an essential ideal. In this paper, we initiate the study of the essential ideal graph of a commutative ring and we investigate its properties.

Finite commutative ring with genus two essential graph

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring with identity and let [Formula: see text] be the set of zero-divisors of [Formula: see text]. The essential graph of [Formula: see text] is defined as the graph [Formula: see text] with the vertex set [Formula: see text] and two distinct vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are adjacent if and only if [Formula: see text] is an essential ideal. In this paper, we classify all finite commutative rings with identity for which the genus of [Formula: see text] is two.