Biodecolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue–R dye by Tropical White-Rot Fungi and Their Enzymes in The Presence of Guaiacol

The ability of the tropical white-rot fungi and their enzyme to decolorize synthetic dyes was investigated. Production of lignin-modifying enzymes (LMEs) from the three new isolated fungi, namely Trametes hirsuta D7, Ceriporia sp. BIOM 3, and Cymatoderma dendriticum WM01 were observed for 9 days incubation under static condition. The results showed that the LMEs production enhanced in the present of guaiacol. T. hirsuta D7 produced only laccase (Lac), with the highest activity was 22.6 U/L on the 5th-day of the cultivation. At the same time, Ceriporia sp. BIOM 3 and C. dendriticum WM01 secreted both laccases (Lac) with the activities 0.2 U/L and 1.0 U/L, respectively, and manganese peroxidase (MnP) with the activities 0.1 U/L and 1.0 U/L, respectively. Among the fungi, T. hirsuta D7 efficiently degraded 65% Remazol Brilliant Blue–R (RBBR) dye within 72 h using the only laccase. This study shows that laccase may have a major role in synthetic dyes' decolorization process, followed by MnP and LiP.

COMPARSION BETWEEN PPO FROM PLANT SOURCES AND DIFFER-ENT CHEMICALS IN TATTOO DYES DECOLORIZATION

This study was aimed to measure the decolorization of tattoo dyes by different chemicals and polyphenol oxidases from several plant sources. The tattoo inks removal market has burgeoned over the years, due to increased spread of tattooed persons about the world. Laser and surgery are presently the gold standards for removing of the tattoo. However, both of them have blemishes. Consequently, lots of persons were preferring easier, faster and cheaper procedures for tattoo remove. In this study polyphenol oxidases enzyme from many plant sources and different chemicals were used for decolorization of tattoo dyes in vitro. The polyphenol oxidase enzyme was used for removing of tattoo dyes (brown and blue) in order to demonstrate their potential in the treatment and decolorization of the tattoo, which is hazardous when removing by laser. The results show that 89 and 82 % of the brown and blue tattoo dyes respectively, were removed after 24 hours by enzyme extracted from Malva parviflora leaves, whereas the decolorization efficiency of polyphenol oxidase from other plant sources given less than 16% of the same dyes. The results for tattoo dyes decolorization by different chemicals revealed that Bimethylbenzylamine was the best chemical used with decolorization ratio 36 and 38 % for brown and blue tattoo dye, respectively.