Comparison Of Isotope And Hydrochemical Characteristics Of Springs In Sembalun – Rinjani Area, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Before And After The Earthquake Events In 2018

The current 2019 isotope and hydrochemical study of hot and cold springs in Sembalun - Rinjani area is a re-assessment of previous similar study in 2012. The aim of this study is to assess the isotope and hydrochemical characteristics of springs due to the earthquake events in 2018. After the earthquake events in 2018, the stable isotopes δ18O and δ2H composition of Sebau hot spring and most of cold springs is shifted into more depleted values which may indicate water-rock interaction or interaction with cold waters which has more depleted δ18O and δ2H values. Also, Sebau hot spring is still plotted at mixing line of meteoric and andesitic water, but still dominant meteoric water. The hydrochemical data of all cold springs and Orok river show the enrichment of Na, probably from silicates weathering or the cation exhchange. While hydrochemical composition of Sebau hot spring is significantly decreased, except SO4, probably due to dilution with cold waters before the thermal water reach the surface. The Piper diagram showed that cold springs and Orok river are Ca-Mg-HCO3 type before and after the earthquake events. While Sebau hot spring is shifted from Ca-Cl type into mixed Ca-Mg-Cl type after the earthquake events. The temperature of Sebau hot spring slightly decreased from 35.5 °C to 34.8 °C after the earthquake events, while Na/K geothermometer calculation also indicate decreasing of sub-surface temperature, i.e. from 146–165 °C to 130–150 °C.

Environmental study of groundwater in southwest of Baghdad, Yusufiyah using GIS

Ground water hydrochemical study in Yusufiyah depends upon (25) wells where major cations and anions were obtained as well as trace elements. The hydrochemical properties include the study of (pH, EC, TDS, and TH). The groundwater of the study area is odorless and colorless except the wells (13 and 16) with a salty taste due to the elevated (TDS) concentration in it, where the wells depth ranges between 7-20 meters. Depth of water in these wells was about 25-35 meters above sea level. Groundwater generally flows from east to west and from north east to south west. The resource of groundwater depends upon surface water. Physical specifications are measured in the water samples included temperature, color, taste, odor, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS). The chemical specifications included major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) and major anions (NO3, SO42- ,Cl-, and HCO3-) in addition to the trace elements (Fe, Ni, Co, Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn). The groundwater in the study area is polluted with some heavy elements like (Fe, Ni, Cd and Pb) because their concentrations are higher than the permissible limits according to WHO (2007) and IQS (2009).

Hydrochemical study of some carbon dioxide cold mineral waters in eastern region, Mongolia

We approached the elemental analysis of physico-chemical composition of some cold mineral water with CO2 which is therapeutically active properties in traditional medicine. In this study, we collected carbonic dioxide containing cold mineral waters such as Ulaanbaatar, Janchivlan, Uvur-Elgen, Zurt, Lam, Uvdug, Tsavchir 3 bulag, Khalzan-Uul in August 2018, and characterized on site and in laboratories for the volatile ion and physico-chemical parameters. The studied mineral waters were showed a total mineralization as 0.17-7.15 g/l, , and biological active ingredients such as CO2, Fe2+ and H4SiO4 determined as 0.21-1.3 g/l, 7.1-61.6 mg/l and 30.51-73.16 mg/l, respectively. The pH data of carbonic dioxide containing cold mineral waters were showed less acidic as 5.11 to 6.1. The oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of Ulaanbaatar, Uvur Janchivlan, Lam and Khalza-Uul were ranged between -21 to – 78 mV with a highly reduction property which indicates potential biological activity rather than Ar Janchivlan, Uvur-Elgen, Zurt, Uvdug and Tsavchir 3 bulag which were ranged between 46 to 101 mV. The Ulaanbaatar, Ar Janchivlan, Uvur Janchivlan and Uvur-Elgen were HCO3- - Ca2+, Mg2+ type, and Zurt, Lam, Uvdug and Tsavchir 3 bulag belong to the HCO3- - Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+ type water. The Khalzan -Uul is alone belongs to the Cl-, HCO3- - Na+ type. However, ionic amounts are decraesed in studied mineral waters based on their chemical composition which are compared to the previously described materials. Монгол орны зүүн бүсийн зарим нүүрсхүчлийн хийтэй хүйтэн рашаануудын гидрохимийн судалгаа Хураангуй: Бид энэ удаагийн судалгаагаар нүүрсхүчлийн хийтэй хүйтэн рашаануудын физик, химийн найрлага болон эмчилгээний идэвх үзүүлдэг элементүүдийг тодорхойлж өмнөх судлаачдын дүнтэй харьцуулан дүгнэлт өгөх зорилгоор энэхүү ажлыг хийж гүйцэтгэсэн. Судалгаанд Улаанбаатар, Ар, Өвөр Жанчивлан, Өвөр-Элгэн, Зүрт, Лам, Өвдөг, Цавчир 3 булаг, Халзан-Уул зэрэг 9 нүүрсхүчлийн хийтэй хүйтэн рашаануудыг хамруулж дээжийг 2018 оны 8 сард цуглуулж физик, химийн найрлага, хувирамтгай ионуудыг газар дээр нь болон лабораторид тодорхойлов. Судалгаанд хамрагдсан нүүрсхүчлийн хийтэй хүйтэн рашаануудын ерөнхий эрдэсжилт 0.89-9.15 г/л, эмчилгээний идэвх үзүүлдэг нүүрсхүчлийн хий (СО2) 0.28-1.3 г/л, хоёр валенттай төмөр (Fe2+) 7.1-68.6 мг/л, орто цахиурын хүчил (H4SiO4) 30.58-73.16 мг/л-ийн агуулгатай, сул хүчиллэг (pH = 5.11-6.1) орчинтой рашаанууд байна. Эдгээр 9 рашаануудаас Ар Жанчивлан, Өвөр-Элгэн, Зүрт, Өвдөг, Цавчир 3 булаг гэсэн рашаануудын исэлдэн ангижрах потенциал (ORP) нь 46-108 mV байхад Улаанбаатар, Өвөр Жанчивлан, Лам, Халзан - Уулын рашаануудын исэлдэн ангижрах потенциал (ORP) нь -21ээс -78 mV байна. Энэ хасах утга илэрхийлж буй рашаанууд ангижрах төлөвт байгаа ба эмчилгээний идэвх өндөртэйг харуулж байна. Улаанбаатар, Ар, Өвөр Жанчивлан, Өвөр-Элгэний рашаанууд HCO3- - Ca2+, Mg2+ төрлийн, Зүрт, Лам, Өвдөг, Цавчир 3 булгийн рашаанууд HCO3- - Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+ -ийн холимог найрлагатай байхад Халзан-Уулын рашаан Cl-, HCO3- - Na+ төрлийн рашааны ангилалд хамаарагдаж байна. Судалгаанд хамрагдсан рашаануудыг өмнөх эрдэмтэдийн судалгааны дүнтэй харьцуулахад ионуудын тоон утга буурсан байгаа хэдий ч үндсэн найрлага бүтцийн хувьд өөрчлөлтгүй байгааг тодорхойлов. Түлхүүр үг: Зүүн бүс, хүйтэн рашаан, нүүрсхүчлийн хий, химийн найрлага