scholarly journals Comparison Of Isotope And Hydrochemical Characteristics Of Springs In Sembalun – Rinjani Area, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Before And After The Earthquake Events In 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Satrio Satrio ◽  
◽  
Rasi Prasetio ◽  
B. Yoseph C.S.S. Syah Alam ◽  
M. Sapari D. Hadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Piper Diagram ◽  
Hydrochemical Data ◽  
Hydrochemical Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hydrochemical Composition ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

The current 2019 isotope and hydrochemical study of hot and cold springs in Sembalun - Rinjani area is a re-assessment of previous similar study in 2012. The aim of this study is to assess the isotope and hydrochemical characteristics of springs due to the earthquake events in 2018. After the earthquake events in 2018, the stable isotopes δ18O and δ2H composition of Sebau hot spring and most of cold springs is shifted into more depleted values which may indicate water-rock interaction or interaction with cold waters which has more depleted δ18O and δ2H values. Also, Sebau hot spring is still plotted at mixing line of meteoric and andesitic water, but still dominant meteoric water. The hydrochemical data of all cold springs and Orok river show the enrichment of Na, probably from silicates weathering or the cation exhchange. While hydrochemical composition of Sebau hot spring is significantly decreased, except SO4, probably due to dilution with cold waters before the thermal water reach the surface. The Piper diagram showed that cold springs and Orok river are Ca-Mg-HCO3 type before and after the earthquake events. While Sebau hot spring is shifted from Ca-Cl type into mixed Ca-Mg-Cl type after the earthquake events. The temperature of Sebau hot spring slightly decreased from 35.5 °C to 34.8 °C after the earthquake events, while Na/K geothermometer calculation also indicate decreasing of sub-surface temperature, i.e. from 146–165 °C to 130–150 °C.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical characteristics of the hot spring waters in the Kangding district related to the Lushan <i>M</i><sub>S</sub> 7.0 earthquake in Sichuan, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 7293-7308
Author(s):  
Z. Chen ◽  
X. Zhou ◽  
J. Du ◽  
C. Xie ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Lushan Earthquake ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Hydrochemical Data ◽  
Deep Earth ◽  
Precipitation Water

Abstract. Hydrogeochemistry of 10 hot springs in the Kangding district was investigated by analyzing cation and anion concentrations of the spring waters. The water samples were collected within 5 days after the Lushan earthquake. The spring waters are classified into 7 chemical types based on the hydrochemical compositions. Comparison with the hydrochemical data before the Lushan earthquake, concentrations of Ca2+, HCO3− and TDS of the waters from the Guanding, Erdaoqiao, Gonghe, Erhaoying, Tianwanhe and Caoke springs evidently increased, which resulted from enhancing interaction between deep-earth fluids and carbonate rocks by the increment of dissolved CO2 in the groundwater. Concentrations of Na+, Cl− and SO42− of the waters from the Guanding, zheduotang, Xinxing and Gonghe springs were decreased, indicating dilution of precipitation water. Concentrations of Na+ and SO42− of the Erhaoying spring water increased, which may be attributed to the more supplement of fluids enriched in sulfur. The results indicate that hydrochemical components of spring water can be used as an effective indicator for earthquakes.

scholarly journals Tracing groundwater salinization processes in coastal aquifers: a hydrogeochemical and isotopic approach in the Na-Cl brackish waters of northwestern Sardinia, Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2917-2928 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mongelli ◽  
S. Monni ◽  
G. Oggiano ◽  
M. Paternoster ◽  
R. Sinisi
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Aquifers ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Meteoric Water Line ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Abstract. Throughout the Mediterranean, salinization threatens water quality, especially in coastal areas. This salinization is the result of concomitant processes related to both seawater intrusion and water–rock interaction, which in some cases are virtually indistinguishable. In the Nurra region of northwestern Sardinia, recent salinization related to marine water intrusion has been caused by aquifer exploitation. However, the geology of this region records a long history from the Palaeozoic to the Quaternary, and is structurally complex and comprises a wide variety of lithologies, including Triassic evaporites. Determining the origin of the saline component of the Jurassic and Triassic aquifers in the Nurra region may provide a useful and more general model for salinization processes in the Mediterranean area, where the occurrence of evaporitic rocks in coastal aquifers is a common feature. In addition, due to intensive human activity and recent climatic change, the Nurra has become vulnerable to desertification and, in common with other Mediterranean islands, surface water resources periodically suffer from severe shortages. With this in mind, we report new data regarding brackish and surface waters (outcrop and lake samples) of the Na-Cl type from the Nurra region, including major ions and selected trace elements (B, Br, I, and Sr), in addition to isotopic data including δ18O, δD in water, and δ34S and δ18O in dissolved SO4. To identify the origin of the salinity more precisely, we also analysed the mineralogical and isotopic composition of Triassic evaporites. The brackish waters have Cl contents of up to 2025 mg L−1 , and the ratios between dissolved ions and Cl, with the exception of the Br / Cl ratio, are not those expected on the basis of simple mixing between rainwater and seawater. The δ18O and δD data indicate that most of the waters fall between the regional meteoric water line and the global meteoric water line, supporting the conclusion that they are meteoric in origin. A significant consequence of the meteoric origin of the Na-Cl-type water studied here is that the Br / Cl ratio, extensively used to assess the origin of salinity in fresh water, should be used with care in carbonate aquifers that are near the coast. Overall, δ34S and δ18O levels in dissolved SO4 suggest that water–rock interaction is responsible for the Na-Cl brackish composition of the water hosted by the Jurassic and Triassic aquifers of the Nurra, and this is consistent with the geology and lithological features of the study area. Evaporite dissolution may also explain the high Cl content, as halite was detected within the gypsum deposits. Finally, these Na-Cl brackish waters are undersaturated with respect to the more soluble salts, implying that in a climate evolving toward semi-arid conditions, the salinization process could intensify dramatically in the near future.

Variation in kaolinite morphology with growth temperature in isotopically mixed pore-fluids, Brent Group, UK North Sea

Clay Minerals ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Osborne ◽  
R. S. Haszeldine ◽  
A. E. Fallick
Keyword(s):  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Pore Waters ◽  
The West ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Isotopic Studies ◽  
Reservoir Sandstones ◽  
Oxygen Isotopic ◽  
Low Degrees ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

AbstractDiagenetic kaolinite in reservoir sandstones of the Brent Group precipitated following the dissolution of detrial feldspar. Two distinct morphologies of kaolinite occur: (1) early diagenetic vermiform kaolinite which is often associated with expanded detrital micas; (2) later diagenetic ‘blocky’ kaolinite. Combined hydrogen and oxygen isotopic studies suggest that vermiform kaolinite precipitated at 25–50°C, and blocky kaolinite at 50–80°C, from pore-waters of a similar isotopic composition (δ18O = −6.5 to −3.5‰). These pore-waters are interpreted to be either a mixture of meteoric and compactional waters, or alternatively a meteoric water that had evolved isotopically due to water-rock interaction. Kaolinite precipitation occurred predominantly during the late Cretaceous to early Eocene. Influx of meteoric water into the Brent Group, probably occurred during the Palaeocene. Fluid flow across the entire basin was driven by a hydrostatic head on the East Shetland Platform palaeo-landmass to the west. The development of the two kaolinite morphologies is possibly related to the degree of supersaturation at the time of precipitation. At low degrees of supersaturation, vermiform kaolinite precipitated slowly upon detrital mica surfaces. Blocky kaolinite precipitated more rapidly into open pore-space at higher degrees of supersaturation. Precipitation of blocky kaolinite was perhaps triggered by the decay of oxalate.

scholarly journals Possible Hydrochemical Processes Influencing Dissolved Solids in Surface Water and Groundwater of the Kaidu River Basin, Northwest China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Dalong Li ◽  
Haiyan Chen ◽  
Shaofeng Jia ◽  
Aifeng Lv
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Hydrochemical Processes ◽  
Type Water ◽  
Kaidu River ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Hydrochemical processes under intense human activities were explored on the basis of the hydrochemical characteristics of 109 surface water samples and 129 groundwater samples collected during August 2015 to September 2016, in the Kaidu River Basin. Results obtained in this study indicated that the water in the basin was neutral to slightly alkaline with low total dissolved solids. Rock weathering and evaporation controlled the natural hydrochemical mechanisms. Mountain groundwater and stream water were dominated by Ca2+-HCO3− type water, whereas the plains groundwater was dominated by mixed type water. The results of principal component analysis demonstrated that water-rock interaction and human activity explained 71.6% and 12.9% of surface water hydrochemical variations, respectively, and 75.1% and 14.2% of groundwater hydrochemical variations, respectively. Sulfate, chloride, and carbonate weathering were the major water-rock interaction processes. Livestock farming and agricultural activities were the primary human activities influencing the water hydrochemistry. In addition, cation exchange is another important process influencing the hydrochemical characteristics in the study area. This study would be helpful in forecasting of water quality in arid areas.

scholarly journals Isotopic composition and elemental concentrations in groundwater in the Kuiseb Basin and the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin, Namibia

2018 ◽  
Vol 378 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Nnenesi A. Kgabi ◽  
Eliot Atekwana ◽  
Johanna Ithindi ◽  
Martha Uugwanga ◽  
Kay Knoeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Environmental Tracers ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Meteoric Water Line ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Abstract. We assessed environmental tracers in groundwater in two contrasting basins in Namibia; the Kuiseb Basin, which is a predominantly dry area and the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin, which is prone to alternating floods and droughts. We aimed to determine why the quality of groundwater was different in these two basins which occur in an arid environment. We analysed groundwater and surface water for the stable isotope ratios of hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) by cavity ring-down spectroscopy and metals by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The δ2H and δ18O of surface water in the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin plot on an evaporation trend below the global meteoric water line (GMWL) and the local meteoric water line (LMWL). The δ2H and δ18O of some groundwater samples in the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin also plot on the evaporation trend, indicating recharge by evaporated rain or evaporated surface water. In contrast, the δ2H and δ18O of groundwater samples in the Kuiseb Basin plot mostly along the GMWL and the LMWL, indicating direct recharge from unevaporated rain or unevaporated surface water. Fifty percent of groundwater samples in the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin was potable (salinity < 1 ppt) compared to 79 % in the Kuiseb Basin. The high salinity in the groundwater of the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin does not appear to be caused by evaporation of water (evapo-concentration) on surface prior to groundwater recharge, but rather by the weathering of the Kalahari sediments. The low salinity in the Kuiseb Basin derives from rapid recharge of groundwater by unevaporated rain and limited weathering of the crystalline rocks. The order of abundance of cations in the Kuiseb Basin is Na > K > Ca > Mg vs. Na > Mg > Ca > K for the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin. For metals in the Kuiseb Basin the order of abundance is Fe > Al > V > As > Zn vs. Al > Fe > V> As > Zn for the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin. The relative abundance of cations and metals are attributed to the differences in geology of the basins and the extent of water-rock interaction. Our results show that the quality of groundwater in Cuvelai-Etosha Basin and Kuiseb Basin which vary in the extent of aridity, is controlled by the extent of water-rock interaction at the surface and in the groundwater aquifer.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical characteristics of hot spring waters in the Kangding district related to the Lushan <i>M</i><sub>S</sub> = 7.0 earthquake in Sichuan, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chen ◽  
X. Zhou ◽  
J. Du ◽  
C. Xie ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Carbonate Rock ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Hydrochemical Data ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Abstract. Hydrogeochemistry of 10 hot springs in the Kangding district was investigated by analyzing cation and anion concentrations in the spring water. The water samples were collected in the 5 days after the Lushan MS = 7.0 earthquake, which occurred on 20 April 2013. The spring waters are classified into seven chemical types based on their hydrochemical compositions. Compared with hydrochemical data before the Lushan earthquake, concentrations of Ca2+, HCO3- and total dissolved solid (TDS) in water samples from the Guanding, Erdaoqiao, Gonghe, Erhaoying, Tianwanhe and Caoke springs significantly increased, which may be the result of a greater increase in groundwater from carbonate rocks, and water–carbonate rock interactions, enhanced by the increment of CO2. Concentrations of Na+, Cl- and SO42- in water samples from the Guanding, Zheduotang, Xinxing and Gonghe springs decreased, indicating a dilution of shallow waters. Concentrations of Na+ and SO42- in water samples from the Erhaoying spring water increased, which may be attributed to water–granite interactions enhanced by H2S. The results indicated that hydrochemical components of spring water could be used as an effective indicator for earthquakes.

The Chemical Dynamic Characteristic Research of Inland Shallow Salt Water

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 1185-1188
Author(s):  
Tong Qiang Peng ◽  
Feng Juan Zhang ◽  
Li Ting Xing ◽  
Yan Cheng Han ◽  
Zhao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Piper Diagram ◽  
Resources Exploitation ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Shallow inland water resources has a large potential for development. To Jiyang shallow groundwater for example, through the regular ion-test analysis, Piper diagram and hydrogeochemical characteristics, the results show that: (1) The type of chemistry of shallow groundwater inland were Cl·SO4-Mg·Na·Ca; (2) The salt water area is relatively fixed, there is no expansion or decreasing trend; (3) The level flow of shallow groundwater is slow and water rock interaction is strong, that is not conducive to the shallow groundwater quality improvement, changing the runoff conditions of shallow groundwater is essential way for shallow groundwater resources exploitation.

scholarly journals Origin of brackish groundwater in a sandstone aquifer on Bornholm, Denmark

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O. Jørgensen ◽  
J. Heinemeier
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Crystalline Basement ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Sandstone Aquifer ◽  
Hydrochemical Data ◽  
Isotopic Studies ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

A multi-isotope approach in combination with hydrochemical data and borehole logging is applied to identify the source of brackish groundwater in a borehole in the well field of Neksø Municipal Waterworks in Bornholm, Denmark. The aquifer lithology consists of fractured Lower Cambrian sandstones resting on Proterozoic crystalline basement. The water body in the studied borehole is significantly stratified with respect to the hydrochemical and isotopic signatures and reveal a Na–Ca–Cl–HCO3 water type and TDS values &gt;1,000 mg/L below a halocline at 40–55 m below measurement point (bmp). The occurrence of brackish groundwater is remarkable for this aquifer, which otherwise yields potable groundwater of good quality. The stable isotope (18O and 2H) compositions indicate a meteoric origin of the brackish groundwater, which rules out seawater intrusion into the aquifer. 14C activities show apparent 14C ages of the brackish groundwater in the range 2200–4300 yr (BP), whereas the freshwater samples above the halocline indicate modern age. Hydrochemical (Cl/Br and Sr) and isotopic studies (18O, 2H and 87Sr/86Sr) of the brackish groundwater point to a well-mixed and homogeneous water body reflecting long water–rock interaction and suggest a contribution of palaeowater from the fractured crystalline basement which has intruded into the Lower Cambrian sandstone aquifer.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Typical Dolomite Karst Basin in Humid Subtropical Zone

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Shizhen Xiao ◽  
Cheng Zeng ◽  
Jiacheng Lan ◽  
Yongning Di ◽  
Jianghu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

The hydrochemical characteristics and variation rules of water in karst areas are important for the basic research of karst field. Because only a few researches focused on the hydrochemical characteristics of humid subtropical dolomite karst basins in the past, the Shanmuhe Basin and its subbasin Huangzhouhe Basin in Shibing Dolomite Karst World Natural Heritage Site in China were selected as the study area. A total of 215 water samples were collected and analyzed. It was found that the hydrochemical type of subtropical dolomite karst basin is HCO3-Ca·Mg type, which is different from that in limestone areas and shale districts, which is HCO3-Ca type for both; EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, Mg2+/Ca2+, and Mg2+/HCO3- have similar spatial variations, which are lower in allogenic water in the upstream in the northwest of the basin and become higher when the water enters the dolomite karst area in the mid and downstream of the basin, and SIC and SID of the allogenic water in the upstream are below zero, while those become saturated after entering the dolomite area in the mid and downstream; the monthly variation of hydrochemistry shows that the seasonal variation of ion concentration is not obvious, and there is a dilution effect in rainy seasons, but the variation of ion concentration is small and relatively stable; higher HCO3- concentration and Mg2+/Ca2+ in the pure dolomite basin are higher than those in the impure dolomite basin; the main influencing factors of the hydrochemical features are geological background especially the lithology, and the water chemistry is mainly controlled by rock weathering and water-rock interaction; rainfall import is low and the low concentrations of K+, Na+, NO3-, Cl-, and SO42- in water indicate that human activities have little effect on the hydrochemistry in the study area.

scholarly journals Assessment of Hydrogeoelectrical Characteristics of Crystalline Aquifers and Groundwaters Quality in Adamawa Plateau: Case of Mbakaou (Adamawa - Cameroon)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Arnaud Tonang Zebaze ◽  
Adoua Kopa Njueya ◽  
Maurice Kwekam ◽  
Emile Temgoua
Keyword(s):  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Piper Diagram ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
Fractured Aquifers ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Hydrodynamic Study ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Chemical Water ◽  
Alternative Water Supply ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Population in Adamawa Plateau faced to borehole failure and return to alternative water supply structures (wells and catchments) with a doubtful quality. This study was carried out to highlight the location of aquifers, their hydrodynamics characteristics and groundwaters quality in Mbakaou locality, which belong to the Adamawa Region. Combination of geological and geoelectrical surveys at 10 stations, with hydrodynamic study of 4 boreholes were carried out to characterize aquifers. Hydrochemical analysis of 10 waters samples has been done to determine physico-chemical water quality and origin of waters mineralization. Geological studies show that basement rocks, which constitute fractured aquifers, consists of a large assemblage of granitoid. Geophysics and drilling data highlight superficial aquifers located between 2 and 17 m and fractured aquifers located between 11 and 74 m, with resistivity ranging from 50 to 671 Ω.m. The borehole have yield varying between 2.80 and 5.14 m3/h. Transmissivity and permeability ranging from 10-6 to 10-5 m2/s and 10-7 to 10-6 m/s respectively, indicating that aquifers are semi-permeable. Waters are of good quality compared to WHO norms and weakly mineralized (35 to 247.9 mg/l). Piper diagram show that calcium and magnesium bicarbonate facies is dominant. Mineralisation of water is mainly influenced by water-rock interaction through silicate weathering.

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