Optimization Strategies for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Fuels

Capturing CO2 from the atmosphere and converting it into fuels are an efficient strategy to stop the deteriorating greenhouse effect and alleviate the energy crisis. Among various CO2 conversion approaches, electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has received extensive attention because of its mild operating conditions. However, the high onset potential, low selectivity toward multi-carbon products and poor cruising ability of CO2RR impede its development. To regulate product distribution, previous studies performed electrocatalyst modification using several universal methods, including composition manipulation, morphology control, surface modification, and defect engineering. Recent studies have revealed that the cathode and electrolytes influence the selectivity of CO2RR via pH changes and ionic effects, or by directly participating in the reduction pathway as cocatalysts. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art optimization strategies to efficiently enhance CO2RR selectivity from two main aspects, namely the cathode electrocatalyst and the electrolyte.

Provisions Covering General Product Safety

The main purpose of this book is to provide a detailed statement of the principles governing the civil liability of manufacturers and others for damage or loss caused by defective products. In this final chapter we refer briefly to some of the main sources which seek to regulate product safety through the use of the criminal law. Of course, many types of products are covered by specific legislation. For example, the sale of food for human consumption and medicines fall into this category. The details fall outside the scope of this work.