The strategy of the combined sales as the modern instrument for enhancing the product distribution planning of enterprises on foreign markets

Nowadays, sales activities are a determining component of the competitiveness of almost every enterprise engaged in foreign economic activities. In modern economic conditions and the strengthening of the world globalization process, more and more attention is paid to the distribution of export-oriented products as the main component of the enterprise marketing activities. To implement efficient distribution of products, first of all, it must be well planned. It's considered that it is exactly planning, which is the most important condition for the effective implementation of the marketing activities of the exporting enterprise. The aim of the work is to determine the essence of the combined sales strategy as an up-to-date tool for improving the planning of the products distribution at enterprises in the context of the intensification of activities in foreign markets. The analysis of the latest research and publications has been carried out. The “products distribution” concept is presented as the main component of the enterprise marketing activities. In general, product distribution is an enterprise's activity aimed at overcoming the spatial, temporal and quantitative commodity differences between the production and consumer spheres, which also includes the transfer of ownership of products to meet the needs of consumers and achieve the company's goals in target markets. Meanwhile, the combined marketing implies a combination of direct and indirect methods of the commodities promotion, that is, a manufacturer can form his own sales network, but at the same time does not refuse the services of intermediaries. The advantages and disadvantages of using this method for manufacturing companies were listed. It also describes the conditions under which it is advisable to use the strategy of combined sales, especially it concerns the companies in the conditions of export activation. The factors influencing the implementation of the combined sales strategy by the enterprise in the context of the intensification of activities in foreign markets are presented.

Digital Marketing of Commercial Complementary Foods in Australia: An Analysis of Brand Messaging

The digital marketing of commercial complementary foods (CCF) is an emerging area of concern in Australia. Although research into traditional methods has identified a range of problems, the marketing and messaging strategies employed within digital spaces have gone largely unscrutinized. This study sought to examine the methods used by CCF manufacturers to promote Australian baby foods and brands in a digital space. A multiple step approach was used to assess the CCF brands available in major Australian retailers, the social media platforms they used, and to thematically analyze the text and visual messages contained in posts published over a three-month period. Of the 15 brands identified, 12 had a digital presence, and all of these used Facebook. Four themes emerged from an analysis of 216 Facebook posts; (1) general product attributes, (2) socially desirable attributes (which included messaging related to taste (41%), self-feeding (29%) and fun (19%)), (3) concern-based attributes (including organic status (40%), age targets (39%) and additive-/allergen-free status (18%)) and (4) health-focused attributes (which included messaging related to healthy/nutritious ingredients (45%), and child development/growth (15%). Messages contained in Facebook posts were mostly positive brand/product aspects (Themes 1 and 2) or parental concern-based aspects (Theme 3 and 4). These themes match previous analyses of marketing content in traditional media and should be closely monitored due to the personalized nature of consumer social media interactions.

Sustainability and Consumer Willingness to Pay for Legumes: A Laboratory Study with Lentils

We performed a laboratory study in France to explore consumer reactions to information about lentils, a legume whose consumption is sustainable and recommended by nutritionists and environmentalists. More specifically, we examined the effect of informational messages on consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for lentils bearing different production labels. Study participants were given two generic messages designed to promote lentils as a general product with nutritional and environmental benefits. These messages were followed by two specific messages related to one lentil packet with revealed information about the use of certain agricultural practices (e.g., intercropping, organic and local production, and producer partnerships). Initial WTP were measured before the information was provided. The results show that labeling had a strong influence on initial WTP. When WTP were measured after the participants had received the generic and specific informational messages, we observed a weak but significant influence for the lentils with organic and local production labels. There was no effect for the lentils without any production labels. We thus conclude that providing generic information via official recommendations and further developing legume labeling systems could act synergistically to drive some weak changes in consumer choices.

Design of Consumables in a Resource-Efficient Economy—A Literature Review

Consumable products have received less attention in the circular economy (CE), particularly in regard to the design of resource-efficient products. This literature review investigates the extent to which existing design guidelines for resource-efficient products are applicable to consumables. This analysis is divided into two parts. The first investigates the extent to which general product-design guidelines (i.e., applicable to both durables and consumables) are applicable to consumables. This analysis also scrutinizes the type of recommendations presented by the ecodesign and circular product design, to investigate the novel aspects of the CE in product design. The second analysis examines the type of design considerations the literature on product-type specific design guidelines recommends for specific consumables and whether such guidelines are transferable. The analysis of general guidelines showed that, although guidelines are intended to be general and applicable to many types of products, their applicability to consumable products is limited. Less than half of their recommendations can be applied to consumables. The analysis also identified several design considerations that are transferable between product-specific design guidelines. This paper shows the importance of the life-cycle perspective in product design, to maximize the opportunities to improve consumables.

Nexus Between Sectoral Shift and Stock Return

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of sectoral shift on the stock return of Bangladesh. This study employs auto-regressive distributive lag (ARDL) approach using the weekly data of various sectoral indices of Bangladesh over the period from May 1999 to September 2016. The findings tend to indicate that there has possible sectoral portfolio diversification in the market and ‘general product industry' is the most exogenous and profitable sector from the rest. This study is one of the first attempts of the sectoral analysis and its impact on the stock return with the reference to Bangladesh. Furthermore, this study can be a benchmark for the policymakers of emerging economies to find the impact of economic transformation in the stock returns of the equity markets.

Some algebraic structures on the generalization general products of monoids and semigroups

For arbitrary monoids A and B, in Cevik et al. (Hacet J Math Stat 2019:1–11, 2019), it has been recently defined an extended version of the general product under the name of a higher version of Zappa products for monoids (or generalized general product) $$A^{\oplus B}$$ A ⊕ B $$_{\delta }\bowtie _{\psi }B^{\oplus A}$$ δ ⋈ ψ B ⊕ A and has been introduced an implicit presentation as well as some theories in terms of finite and infinite cases for this product. The goals of this paper are to present some algebraic structures such as regularity, inverse property, Green’s relations over this new generalization, and to investigate some other properties and the product obtained by a left restriction semigroup and a semilattice.

An approach to analyze the position and orientation between two parts assembled by non-ideal planes

Performance analysis, which plays a key role in the design stage, is employed to estimate whether product performance can satisfy design requirements. In general, product performance is gained after parts are assembled; product performance is influenced by the position and orientation deviations (PODs) that occur in directions of the constrained degrees of freedom (DOFs) due to the surface deviations of mating-surfaces. Furthermore, PODs are uncertain because the surface deviations as well as positions in the unconstrained DOF directions can vary randomly. Thus, predicting the consequences of uncertain PODs on product performance is key for performance analysis. Considering that planes are extensively used in assemblies, this study aims to propose a statistical approach to analyze the uncertain PODs of non-ideal planes. A modeling method from the perspective of manufacturing errors is employed to describe the uncertain surface deviations. A method for computing the uncertain PODs based on the progressive adjustment of coordinate systems is proposed. The maximum PODs that characterize the most unfavorable assembly situation are determined as evaluation indicators. Finally, the effectiveness of the presented approach is verified by a case study. Because both the effects of uncertain surface deviations and uncertain positions on PODs can be considered, the approach is expected to help predict the practical effects of uncertain PODs on product performance accurately during the design stage.