This paper introduces the historical view of microbiology and discuss the importance of microorganisms not only as causative agents of disease but also as important contributors to food production, antibiotic manufacture, vaccine development, and environmental management. Microbiology contributed significantly to the development of new branches like biochemistry, Genetics and molecular biology. It presents a brief history of the science of microbiology an overview of the microbial world a discussion of the scope and relevance of microbiology in today's society and predictions about the future of microbiology.