Development of technology for biological treatment of oily wastewater with а consortium of microorganisms, microalgae and aquatic plants

The article describes the diversity of oil products that are the main sources of wastewater pollution. The dissolved or liquefied oil forms a floating layer on the water surface. The large emissions of different crude oil sources and household waste into the environment cause great damage to wildlife. It is evident that many types of oil sources are carcinogens. The article provides information on emissions of toxic compounds of industrial enterprises into the atmosphere and their adverse effects, including on human health because toxic compounds can cause many diseases. The methods of biotechnological treatment by mechanical, physicochemical and biological purification of water sources contaminated with oil waste are discussed. In particular, the importance of biological purification, petroleum technology, and microbiological purification and nanotechnological methods of water purification has been widely examined. The article contains information on water purification method using microalgae, biological filters, and wastewater treatment through aerotanks. Methods to purify phenolic compounds from wastewater such as adsorption, ion exchange, liquid-liquid extraction, chemical oxidation, electrochemical methods, solvent extraction, precipitation and biodegradation are considered. The role of some economically efficient and promising methods of bioremediation to eliminate and neutralize petroleum hydrocarbons and some pollutants in removing phenolic compounds is analysed.

THE DESTRUCTION’S EFFICIENCY RESEARCH OF PRIORITY ORGANIC POLL UTANTS BY MICROORGANISMS

Isolation from environmental objects and selection of effective microorganisms-destructors of common organic pollutants were carried out. The growth rates of the obtained microbial strains and their destructive activity against petroleum hydrocarbons, lipids and phenols were studied. The greatest activity among the studied 18 phenol-oxidizing strains was shown by VGTU-13, among 10 lipolytic strains- by VGTU-02, these strains are active destructors of petroleum hydrocarbons according to the results of the studies. The possibility of using phenol-oxidizing and lipolytic bacterial strains for biological purification wastewater from oil pollution was shown.

AN ANAEROBIC-AEROBIC BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER AT THE LOW-PRODUCTIVITY PLANT

The urgency of the problem of local biological treatment of domestic wastewater from housing in non-canalized areas with improving the quality of treated wastewater to the level of requirements for discharge into fishery bodies of water is considered. The analysis of the state of local wastewater treatment is given. Existing technological schemes and methods of local sewage, which are used for sewage treatment, are considered. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of a complex of a local anaerobic-aerobic biological treatment of domestic wastewater from housing in non-canalized areas at the low-productivity plants are presented. The results of theoretical and experimental researches of complex of local anaerobic-aerobic biological purification of domestic wastewater of habitation in non-canalized areas at the low-productivity plants are given. On the basis of the analysis of work and embodiment of low-productivity plants, used in home and foreign practice of local treatment of domestic wastewater the expediency of application flowing multistage anaerobic-aerobic biological purification of domestic wastewater with use of communities of attached and free-swimming microorganisms is shown. The proposed low-productivity plant, which includes a three-stage aerobic biological treatment of anaerobically treated wastewater is described. The use of ruff fillers for the retention of hydrobionts gives the opportunity to clear salvo discharge, rapid restoration of the activity of the ruff fillers (for example, in power outages). The ruff fillers make it possible to organize an appropriate trophic chain of hydrobionts, which dramatically reduces the amount of excess biomass and the removal of suspensions in treated wastewater. Using the experiments in laboratory conditions and at real industrial treatment plant of a new design there were received parameters of work of stages of anaerobic and aerobic biological purification, the law of nitrification and denitrification processes, the law of specific speed of oxidation of organic pollution in specific conditions of anaerobic-aerobic technology; the opportunity of reception of quality of treated wastewater at the level of the requirements of the specifications for dump of drains in fishing reservoirs is proved.