Mamon stratum of the upper devonian of the Voronezh anteclise - new kaolin-bearing province

The lithofacies analysis of the Mamon showed showed that secondary kaolin deposits, forming a new kaolin-bearing province in the southern part of the Voronezh anteklise, are associated with a complex of deluvial-proluvial, lacustrine-boggy, and floodplain-oxbow deposits. The main ore minerals are kaolinite, quartz and secondary iron oxides and gibbsite. The presence of both terrigenous and autistic kaolinite was revealed. An important role in the formation of the latter, as well as gibbsite, played an organic substance.

Revolution of Malaysia’s Kaolin to Metakaolin towards various application: A Mini Review

The transformation of kaolin to metakaolin was studied in various state in Malaysia which is Segamat, Nitar, Lenggor, Ipoh, Bidor, Mersing, Sabah, and Sarawak. In Segamat, the kaolin has a light colour due to the high silicate composition and also contain high mineral such as kaolinite and quartz existed as impurities. Aluminum rich kaolin is bright in color with elevated plasticity and is commonly used in the ceramic, plastic, dye, fabric, pesticide, pharmaceutical and beauty industry. For Nitar and Lenggor, production of metakaolin occurs at 510°C and formation of mullite occur at 900°C. Both clays show good crystallization of pseudohexagonal to hexagonal kaolinite particles. Moreover, the classification of clay and the sizing are the significant characteristic to be determined using the method of the beneficiations. The method of beneficiations is crucially important to increase the quality of clay to meet the requirement for industry application. In Ipoh and Sarawak, the primary deposit is dominated by kaolin and the mixture of granites and diorites produced from weathering. On the other hand, in Bidor, the primary deposit is a mixture of kaolinite, muscovite and smectite also formed by weathering. The increasing amount of illite in secondary kaolin deposits in the Mersing area due to the marine deposition of those deposits where illite formed by the absorption of clay minerals from the seawater by pottasium. Kaolin in Kg Gading, Bongawan Sabah were treated with sodium hexametaphosphate to remove impurities in natural kaolin. The transformation of kaolin to metakaolin was conducted at 800°C for 5 hours.

PATTERNS OF TIES BETWEEN THICKNESS AND SPREADING OF TERRIGENOUS SEDIMENTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF UKRAINIAN SHIELD IN THE NORTH

This article focuses on identifying patterns typical for formations of sediment stratum that covers crystalline foundation in the north of Ukrainian shield, and on their basisfinding new methods that could be used during regional research, and also while exploring and prospecting sediment minerals fields. In particular, there are researches of statistical relations between average thickness and spreading of terrigenous sediments using the example of two territories situated on Novograd block of Volyn mega block and Fastiv block of Rosynsk-Tikytsk mega block. For this purpose, method of double correlation analysis was used. It was found out that there are various correlation connections between these indexes for the whole stratum, Quaternary and Neogene deposits. Part of them has strong and very strong relative connections. The following pattern was identified: in relatively well sorted or not sorted sediments correlational connection between thickness and spreading is always stronger than in all the sediments together in the case when they form the bigger part of sediment stratum volume or the volume of its researched part. Thus, one of the main factors that influence the correlational connections between thickness and spreading of all the sediment stratum or its part is their sorted or unsorted state. The information about existence of strong correlation connections between thickness and spreading of sediments of all the sediment stratum or its part can makegeological or sedimentological maps more substantial if they reflect spreading of these sediments. In this case according to the region of spreading of a sediment one can make at least qualitative evaluation of its average thickness, and thus its volume on the territory that is shown on the map. The identified pattern can be used while calculating projected resources of some minerals in some fields, zones, areas of their spreading. First of all, it concerns minerals that form separate horizons. They are secondary kaolin, expanded and bentonite clay, brown coal etc. With the help of this pattern one can calculate mineragenic potential in separate topographical sheets, administrative and geomorphological areas etc. The research of correlation connections between sediment thickness and spreading on the other mega blocks of Ukrainian shield and other regions may be perspective.