Low Heat Flow at Shallow Depth Intervals: Case Studies from Belarus

The territory of Belarus belongs to the western part of the Precambrian East European Platform. Its heat flow pattern is representing by alternating low and high heat flow anomalies. An overwhelming majority of heat flow determinations and in general of geothermal observations in Belarus were fulfilled in boreholes finished in the platform cover. Within the Belarusian Anteclise, Orsha Depression, western slope of the Voronezh Anteclise their bottom holes are typically within the zone of active water exchange, where the groundwater circulation sufficiently influences on recorded thermograms. For instance, observed heat flow density for a number of studied boreholes is low and ranges on average from 15–20 until 35–40 mW/m2 within the Orsha Depression. In a number of studied holes in the northern part of the structure, its values are surprisingly low. They are observed within upper horizons of the zone of active water exchange with pronounced groundwater circulation. Permeable rocks within the geologic section comprise the platform cover with a number of freshwater intervals. Their base is spread here up to depths of 150–250 m. The most of heat flow observations within this area were studied in boreholes which depths is only 200–300 m, sometimes less, as deeper wells are seldom within this geologic structure. Groundwater circulation within loose sediments cools them, most of thermograms here have a concaved shape to the depth axis. As a rule, heat flow values are sufficiently lower in a number of intervals in boreholes finished in the freshwater zone, relatively to the heat flow observed within deeper horizons of the platform cover. In some of studied boreholes, the observed heat flow is as low as 5–15 mW/m2. In most cases it has a tendency to stabilise only at intervals deeper than 600–800 m. It is the main reason for observed low heat flow zones.

Mamon stratum of the upper devonian of the Voronezh anteclise - new kaolin-bearing province

The lithofacies analysis of the Mamon showed showed that secondary kaolin deposits, forming a new kaolin-bearing province in the southern part of the Voronezh anteklise, are associated with a complex of deluvial-proluvial, lacustrine-boggy, and floodplain-oxbow deposits. The main ore minerals are kaolinite, quartz and secondary iron oxides and gibbsite. The presence of both terrigenous and autistic kaolinite was revealed. An important role in the formation of the latter, as well as gibbsite, played an organic substance.

Equilibrium in the System of Glauconite – Aqueous Solution of Cefepime Hydrochloride

The patterns of immobilization of cefepime hydrochloride on glauconite at a temperature of 295 K are established. The isotherm of sorption of cefepime hydrochloride from dilute solutions is described using the Langmuir theory. The values of the maximum capacity of the monolayer and the coefficient of the sorption equilibrium for cefepime hydrochloride are calculated. It is revealed that the monolayer binding of the antibiotic to glauconite is the result of an equivalent exchange with the extra-frame cations of the sorbent. The polymolecular nature of the sorption may be due to the formation of cefepime hydrochloride associates due to hydrogen bonds. REFERENCES Кevadiya Bravesh D., Ghanshyam V. Joshi, Hasmukh A. Patel, et al. Montmorillonite-alginate nanocomposites as a drug delivery system: intercalation and in vitro release of vitamin B1 and vitamin B6. Journal of Biomaterials Aplications, 2010, v. 25(2), pp. 161-177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0885328209344003 Farıas T., Rabdel Ruiz-Salvador A., Lya Velazco, et al. Preparation of natural zeolitic supports for potential biomedical applications. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2009, v. 118, pp. 322–328. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.07.054 Chernova R.K., Venig S.B., Naumova G.N., et al. Sorption of tetracycline and its degradation products by glauconite. Scientific almanac, 2015, 7, pp. 930-934. doi: https://doi.org/0.17117/na.2015.07.930 Vlasova N.N. Interaction of highly dispersed silica with some medicinal substances. Surface, 2016, v. 8(23), pp. 236-247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/surface.2016.08.236 Stavinskaya O.N., Laguta I.V. The properties of silica-gelatin composites. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2010, v. 84(6), pp. 1045-1048. doi: https://doi.org/10.1134/s0036024410060270 Fiziko-khimicheskiye i mediko-biologicheskiye svoystva prirodnykh zeolitov [Physicochemical and biomedical properties of natural zeolites] / Ed. by Z.V. Belousova. Novosibirsk, Izd-vo un-ta geologii i geofiziki Publ., 1990, 70 p. (in Russ.) Breck D. W. Zeolite molecular seves: Structure, Chemistry and Use. Wiley—Interscience, New York, 1974, 771 p. Egorov N.S. Osnovy ucheniya ob antibiotikakh [Fundamentals of the doctrine of antibiotics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2004, 528 p. (in Russ.) Yakovlev P.V. Ciprofloxacin in the treatment and prophylaxis of surgikal infections. Antibiotiki i khimioterapiya, 1999, v. 44(7), pp. 32-37. (in Russ.) Zhabin A.V., Savko A.D. Glaukonity Voronezhskoy anteklizy. Ocherki po regionalnoy geologii [Glauconites of the Voronezh anteclise. Essays on regional Ggeology]. Saratov, Nauka Publ., 2008, pp. 48-56. (in Russ.) Novikova L.A., Belchinskay L.I., Krupskaya V.V., et al. Effect of acid and alkaline treatment on physical and chemical properties of natural glauconite surface. Sorption and Chromatographic Processes, 2015, v. 15(5), pp. 730-740. Available at: https://doi.org/10.17308/sorpchrom.2015.15/327 (accessed 23.10.2019) (in Russ.) Polyanskiy N.G.. Gorbunov V.G.. Polyanskaya N.L. Research methods of ion exchangers. Moscow, Khimiya Publ., 1976, 208 p. (in Russ.) Nakanisi K. Infrared spectroscopy and structure of organic compounds. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1987, 220 p. (in Russ.) Bekker Yu. Spektroskopiya [Spectroscopy]. Moscow, Tekhnosfera Publ., 2009, 528 p. (in Russ.) Sing K.S.W., Everett D.H., Haul R.A.W. Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1985, v. 57(4), pp. 603-619. doi: https://doi.org/10.1351/pac198557040603 Kotova D.L., Fam Tkhi Gam, Krysanova T.A., et al. Description of pyridoxine hydrochloride sorption isotherm on clinoptilolite tuff. Sorption and Chromatographic Processes, 2014, v. 14(4), pp. 572-577. Available at: http:// www.sorpchrom.vsu.ru/articles /20140404.pdf (accessed 23.10.2019) (in Russ.) Langmuir I. The Constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. Am. Chem. Soc., 1917, v. 39(9), pp. 1848-1906. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02254a006 Freundlich H.M.F. Over the adsorption in solution. Phys. Chem., 1906, v. 57, pp. 385-447. Redlich O.A., Peterson D.L. Useful adsorption isotherm. Phys. Chem., 1959, v. 63(6), pp. 1024-1025. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/j150576a611 Pyul'man B. Intermolecular interaction: from diatomic molecules to biopolymers, Moscow, Мir Publ., 1981, 592 p. (in Russ.)

Frasnian age (upper devonian) key section biostratigraphic characteristic of Voronezh anteclise middle part (well 16, Schigry, Nizhnekrasnoe village, Kursky region)

Conodonts, scolecodonts, and foraminifers were studied from Frasnian age deposits of Well 16 Schigry (Nizhnekrasnoe village, Voronezh anteclise). Six conodont complexes are identified: I in Timan regional stage, II and III in Sargaevo regional stage, and IV and VI in Semiluky regional stage. Correlation by local zonal units and Standard Conodont Zonation is performed. Shallow environment is confirmed for Timan regional stage, the deepest environment settings is confirmed for Semiluky regional stage. Five scolecodont complexes are identified: complexes 1 and 2 for Sargaevo regional stage, complexes 3 and 4 for Semiluky regional stage, and complex 5 for the upper part of Semiluky regional stage and Voronezh regional stage. Foraminifers are presented by two complexes: first for Sargaevo regional stage and the second for the Semiluky regional stage. The characteristic microfossils species are given in plates.