23 Gauge Vitrectomy: Current Usage, Indications, and Applications.

The development and evolution of pars plana vitrectomy are gorgeous. It is a big evolution like change that was seen in the transition to phacoemulsification surgery from extracapsular cataract surgery. However, improvements are not still over. While the changes and developments in vitrectomy experienced to increase the ease of application, application areas, and success of the surgeries, also offering different alternatives for surgeons. The main one is for different sized vitrectomy systems. Although it is appropriate to prefer smaller cuts at first glance, the difficulties in current use and application cause the necessity to be more conscious and to make preferences depending on the case and data.

Frequency of Pseudophakic Glaucoma in Patients with Cataract Surgery

Aim: To determine the frequency of pseudophakic glaucoma in patients who underwent cataract surgery. Study Design: Cross-sectional Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore from 1st July 2020 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: Ninety five patients of both genders with cataract surgery were enrolled and ages between 45 to 75 years. After taking written consent detailed demographics including age, sex, body mass index, intraocular pressure, and mode of surgery were recorded. Pseudophakic glaucoma was labelled in case of cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation and intraocular pressure >21 mmHg or more in one eye along with glaucomatous optic disc or retinal nerve fiber layer defect on optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results: There were 58 (61.05%) males and 37 (38.95%) patients were females. Mean ages of patients were 62.36±9.44 years. Sixty two (65.26%) patients had extracapsular cataract extraction and 33 (34.74%) patients had phacoemulsification. Mean intraocular pressure was 19.33±8.56 mmHg. Pseudophakic glaucoma was found in 32 (33.68%) patients. Conclusion: The frequency of pseudophakic glaucoma was high in patients with extracapsular cataract surgery. Keywords: Cataract surgery, Pseudophakic glaucoma, Intraocular pressure (IOP)

Development of Autonomous Robotic Cataract Surgery Device

The current rate of incidence of cataracts is increasing faster than treatment capacity, and an autonomous robotic system is proposed to mitigate this by carrying out cataract surgeries. The robot is composed of a three actuator RPS parallel mechanism in series with an actuated rail mounted roller that moves around the eye, and is designed to perform a simplified version of the extracapsular cataract surgery procedure autonomously. The majority of the design work has been completed, and it is projected that the system will have a tool accuracy of 0.167 mm, 0.141 mm, and 0.290 mm in the x, y, and z directions, respectively. Such accuracies are within the acceptable errors of 1.77mm in the x and y directions of the horizontal plane, as well as 1.139 mm in the vertical z direction. Tracking of the tool when moving at 2 mm/s should give increments of 0.08 mm per frame, ensuring constant visual feedback. Future work will involve completing construction and testing of the device, as well as adding the capability to perform a more comprehensive surgical procedure if time allows.