EFFICACY OF ENDOSCOPIC HEMOCLIPS AND INTERMITTENT INTRAVENOUS PPI IN PEPTIC ULCER BLEEDING

Background: Efficacy of continuous intravenous proton- pump inhibitors (IV PPI) and hemoclips alone was proved, but data about combination of an application of endoscopy clips and intermittent IV PPI in Vietnam was still limited. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of endoscopy hemoclip combined with intermittent IV PPI in the patients of peptic ulcer bleeding. Patients and methods: 34 patients diagnosed as peptic ulcer bleeding, having Forrest classification of Ia, Ib, IIa and IIb, were enrolled. Esomeprazole was administered as 80 mg IV bolus followed by intermittent IV injection of 40 mg/8h during 72h. Results: Immediate hemostasis was achieved in all 34 patients. Only 1 patient (2.9%) had early rebleeding. No severe complications was found in this study. Conclusion: Combination of endoscopy hemoclips and intermittent PPI showed effective, safe in patients of peptic ulcer bleeding. Key words: Peptic ulcer bleeding, intermittent PPI, endoscopy hemoclip

The activity of hemostatic and oxidative-reduction systems according to different classes of ulcer bleeding

Haemostatic therapy of ulcer bleeding (UB) is based on activation of the coagulation system and depression of the fibrinolytic one. Though not so much attention is paid to the oxidation-reduction system. Aim of the study — To elaborate the recommendations on optimization of hemostatic therapy. Were examined 25 patients with UB. 4 patients were evaluated by Forrest classification, type ІВ, 5 – type ІІА, 6 — type ІІВ, and 10 — type ІІІС. Patients with type ІВ had endoscopic haemostasis procedures. All patients got a standard haemostatic complex. Two patients who were evaluated by Forrest classification type ІІА had bleeding recurrence. The following data was determined in blood plasma: fibrinolytic and proteolytic activity, fibrinase, antithrombin ІІІ, prothrombin index, isolated double bonds, diene conjugates, cetodienes and conjugated trienes, oxidation of neutral and alkaline proteins, malonic aldehyde, renew glutathione, catalase. Patients who were evaluated by Forrest classification type ІІА had both a disorder of redox system and hemostasis system balance, caused by a violation of synthesis of its factors. This contributes to the occurrence of bleeding recurrence. The results of redox system together with the criteria for hemostasis condition can be used to predict the recurrence of ulcer bleeding. Medicinal measures need to be adjusted, and antioxidants together with hepatoprotectors to be prescribed. So, patients with UB recurrence have an excessive activation of lipoperoxidation, low level of basic proteins, decrease in functional capacity of antioxidant mechanisms and hemostasis system imbalance, caused by a violation of synthesis of its factors, it is essential to take into account while predicting UB recurrence, and in case of UB one should add to the medication management those means that inhibit the activity of lipid oxidation and contribute to the restoration of synthesis processes of hemostasis factors. The prospect of further development is the assessment of the effectiveness of an optimized treatment complex.

ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT FOR UPPER GI BLEEDING. REVALIDATION OF FORREST CLASSIFICATION

Despite rapid advances in endoscopic treatments and the development of updated and evidence based guidelines, morbidity and mortality in upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) remains high. A recent study conducted in a tertiary centre on 80 consecutive patients with UGIB demonstrated that lower doses of Adrenaline 1:10000 and diathermy were superior to high doses of Adrenaline injections only, but failed to reduce the mortality rates, despite a reduction in the need for transfusion, second look and surgical interventions. We believe that comorbid conditions have greater influence on survival rates in patients with UGIB than the achievement of immediate haemostasis and we attribute a paramount importance to rapid and correct resuscitation of the bleeding patient prior to any endoscopic assessment.