Henri Joseph Lentulo, perfect dentist and outstanding inventor

Henri Joseph Lentulo was not only a famous dentist, but he was also an important inventor, whose remarkable contributions revolutionized dental practice in the first half of the twentieth century. Thus, in this material we tried to describe as succinctly as possible the activity of this exceptional Italian-French scientist, who was Dr. Henri Joesph Lentulo.

Fetal prognosis in cesarean section

When deciding on a caesarean section, perinatologists should consider the consequences for the newborn. Studies show that caesarean section modifies adaptation to extrauterine life and is associated with risks of neonatal complications. Other determining factors for the condition and future of the newborn (gestational age, the existence of labor before cesarean section, anesthesia etc.) are not to be neglected. This article reviews the elements of the neonatal respiratory adaptation physiology, which are essential to understanding the clinical complications attributed to the mode of birth, and proposes a reconsideration of neonatal morbimortality after cesarean section.

Prevalence of depression among physicians: A comprehensive meta-analysis

Depression among medical personnel is recognized worldwide as a serious problem, yet quantitative syntheses of prevalence studies are rare. We proceeded quantify and understand prevalence variation among physicians at the global levels. For this meta-analysis, we searched 6 databases, including: PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest using a comprehensive search strategy to identify prevalence of the physicians’ depression studies in the literature, published from inception of 1979. Studies reporting estimates of depression prevalence in physicians were included in the analyses. Studies quality was assessed with a prevalence risk of bias tool. Meta-regression was used to explore heterogeneity of the moderators we included in the analysis. Of the 3,156 studies initially identified, 33 were eligible for inclusion. These studies were geographically diverse (15 countries). The pooled prevalence rate for overall elder abuse was .243 (CI [.188; .306]; p<.001). Meta-analysis of studies that included overall abuse revealed heterogeneity. Significant associations were found between overall prevalence estimates and region, but not for sampling allocation and severity of depression. In this meta-analysis, the summary estimate of the prevalence of depression among physicians is 24.3%, ranging from 2% to 65.3 % depending on the region from the studies. Further research is needed to identify effective strategies for preventing and treating depression among physicians.

Therapeutic principles in upper limb trauma

Upper limb trauma cases vary from simple to high energy impactful injuries, with different etiologies; situations which frequently require unique, demanding and challenging endeavors in order to obtain the most favorable outcome. Experience, good decision-making and knowledge of functional goals are mandatory in order to elaborate a therapeutic plan and execute it accordingly. Although cases differ in nature and prognosis, respecting a set of therapeutic principles whilst dealing with either simple or complex cases, will enhance patient outcome and give the surgeon the confidence to tackle any kind of upper limb trauma. After clearing out vital threat, the emergency surgery represents the first threshold in achieving and restoring normal function and biomechanics, mostly in young and labor active patients, with the mindset to salvage as much tissue as possible, with a thorough debridement and step-by-step approach to different types of tissues. Secondary surgery and reconstructive surgery can be planned timely, with prior discussion with both the therapist and the patient in order to enhance patient’s upper limb function and aesthetic and ensure social reintegration.

The role of topic vaginal products in posthysterectomy vaginal atrophy

Vaginal atrophy represents a frequently encountered condition which is significantly correlated with decreased amounts of circulating oestrogen levels. It is usually characterized by the presence of burning, itching, irritation and dyspareunia. In such cases attention was focused on identifying a topic product which might alleviate these symptoms and stop the deterioration process of the vaginal lining. One product which seems to have an effective role in order to stop this process and to offer a good local control of the disease should contain anti-inflammatory, healing and antiseptic principles. The aim of the current paper is to study the possible benefits of Cerviron a topic product with intravaginal administration which contains seven active principles in order to offer the above mentioned effects.

Compassion vs. empathy. Necessary distinctions in approaching medical care

The incidence of the fatigue caused by medical care brings to attention the emotional reactions to suffering and their possible effects on caregivers. In this study, we shall discuss empathy and compassion. Linguistic analyses and psychological evaluations fail to differentiate between empathy and compassion. We shall therefore make an inventory of the contribution of neuroscientific studies that we consider important. We shall present some research and clinical studies that support the discrimination between compassion and empathy, at the psycho-behavioral level, in terms of vagal and cerebral patterns and in terms of the effects that these emotional states have at the psycho-emotional level. Unlike the interventions aimed at empathic training, cultivating compassion among caregivers produces beneficial effects, decreasing fatigue and increasing resilience. We believe that the differences found between compassion and empathy support the replacement of the phrase “compassion fatigue”, widely used today, with “empathic distress”. We consider the prophylactic and therapeutic capitalization of compassion in health care, by developing training programs to cultivate compassion for specialized staff for patients, to avoid fatigue (empathic distress) and to improve the emotional, humanistic dimension of the doctor-patient relationship, both urgent and necessary.

Neuroprotective effects of physical exercise: Implications in health and disease

Physical exercises have long been linked to numerous health improvements, ranging from cardiovascular to psychiatric. In this review, we take a closer look on its anatomical, physiological and chemical effects on the brain. Starting from the clinical to the cellular level, we will analyze the neurogenesis, anti-inflammatory effects on Brain-Blood Barrier and synaptic plasticity, outlining known molecular aspects that are influenced by physical activity, such as: gene expression, changes of growth factors and neurotransmitter levels and means of reverting molecular mechanisms of ageing. The brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the central molecules that links the physical exercise to neurogenesis, neuroprotection, cognitive functions, dendritic growth, memory formation and many more. We indicate the correlation between physical activity and mental health in diseases like depression, Alzheimer’s dementia and Parkinson’s disease.

Monogenetic osteoporosis: Does the risk of fall matter?

We introduce an adult male case report with a history of osteogenesis imperfecta related fractures without specific medication against osteoporosis until the age of 50 years; however, within the first year he was offered anti-osteoporotic medication, he suffered a fall and a consecutive fracture was registered despite improved of bone mineral density parameters at DXA (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), proving the importance of life style intervention to minimize the dramatic impact on bone fragility due to a genetic condition. Despite the fact that the risk of fracture on a subject with a genetic condition that directly impacts the bone status represents a game changer, the everyday circumstantial situations that cause an increased risk of fall represent strong players that need to be taken into consideration as part of patients’ education.

Finite element analysis of the tibial component alignment in frontal and sagittal plane in total knee arthroplasty

Background. This study aims to analyze the tibial component using the finite element method by cutting the tibial in frontal and sagittal planes at an angle between 1.5° (valgus and anterior tilt) and -1.5° (varus and posterior tilt). Methods. This experimental study used the finite element method as an useful tool for simulating the positioning of the tibial component in order to create a personal pre-operative planning. For the finite element method analysis, a geometrical model of a tibia from a cadaver was three – dimensionally scanned and the tibial component, polyethylene and cement, were three-dimensionally shaped in Computer-Aided Design program using material data such as Young modulus (gigapascal – GPa) and the Poisson coefficient. The analysis determined the equivalent von Mises stress, the maximum displacement of the components and the equivalent von Mises deformation. The results showed that equivalent tension and deformation have higher values in the tibia and the polyethylene, which deform faster than cement and the tibial component. In our study, we chose to simulate the tibial resection at a cutting angle ± 1.5° from neutral positioning (which is represented in frontal plane by the perpendicular on the mechanical axis and in sagittal plane by the posterior slope of 7 degree) in frontal and sagittal plane in order to find the minimum threshold from which the tibial component malalignment may begin to determine unfavorable effects. Results. Our results have shown detrimental effects begin to appear for the polyethene component at -1.5° in frontal plane, and the rest of the components at 1.5° in sagittal plane. Conclusion. This finding leads us to propose preoperative planning based on personal calculus of predefined angles, which may show the surgeon the optimal implantation position of the tibial component.

Correlation between NT-proBNP, hsCRP and OXSR1: Clinical relevance in evaluating the prognosis of polytrauma patients

Introduction. Polytrauma patients are expected to have a higher risk of mortality than that obtained by the summation of expected mortality owing to their individual injuries. Subsequent life-threatening posttraumatic complications are associated with overproduction of proinflammatory mediators (e.g. cytokines, chemokines) and the critical imbalance of cell-regulated innate immunity. Material and methods. The present study is aimed to identify a possible relationship between NT-proBNP, hs-CRP and OXSR1 biochemical markers in polytrauma patients, both by bibliographic research and quantitative analysis and statistics of some parameters of interest in lot of 46 patients. Results and discussions. The correlation between hsCRP and the inflammatory response after trauma is well-known and well documented in literature, so the negative correlation between hsCRP and OXSR1 that resulted from our analysis is of great significance resulting in a potentially new biomarker to be further studied and used in determining the possible outcome of polytrauma patients. Conclusion. Although OXSR1 is a new in the field of polytrauma patients, because is negatively correlated with hsCRP and the clinical evolution of the patients we think that OXSR1 is a good biomarker to further in investigate and may be used in determining the clinical progress of the polytrauma patients.