Las rectorías parroquiales en la ciudad de Córdoba durante el Antiguo Régimen: acercamiento a la cuestión

ResumenSi poco estudiado ha sido el estrato más bajo del clero en la ciudad de Córdoba, el pequeño núcleo que formaban los rectores parroquiales aún menos. Estas rectorías, de importancia supina para la labor pastoral y la administración de sacramentos, parecen no tener una forma definida durante la época moderna en Córdoba. La cuestión de su definición es el objeto de este artículo, para lo que se han consultado las constituciones sinodales de la diócesis, así como diversa información de archivo. Su carácter beneficial o no, así como la concesión de la cura animarum centran el debate. La adaptación al modelo tridentino de rectoría parroquial exigió un verdadero esfuerzo para la administración diocesana, que debió lidiar con las reticencias y alegaciones de una empoderada Universidad de Beneficiados que se había aprovechado de la indefinición de este cargo en la ciudad de Córdoba. Por ello, se destaca un punto de inflexión en esta situación en 1648, cuando el obispo Pimentel, animado desde Roma, plantea un modelo de patronato para estas rectorías que permitan la manutención de sus titulares sin el perjuicio de modificar cualquier reparto del diezmo parroquial, que hubiera supuesto una mayor oposición a la que ya hubo durante un siglo después.AbstractIf little studied has been the lower stratum of the clergy in the city of Córdoba, the small nucleus that made up the parish rectors even less. These rectories, of supine importance for pastoral work and the administration of the sacraments, seem to have no definite form during modern times in Córdoba. The question of its definition is the object of this article, for which the synodical constitutions of the diocese has been consulted, as well as various archival information. Its beneficial nature or not, as well as the granting of the cura animarum center the debate. The adaptation to the Tridentine model of parish rectory required a real effort from the diocesan administration, which had to deal with the reluctance and allegations of an empowered Universidad de Beneficiados, that had taken advantage of the lack of definition of this position in the city of Córdoba. For this reason, a turning point in this situation stands out in 1648, when the bishop fray Domingo Pimentel, encouraged from Rome, proposed a model of patronage for these rectories that would allow the maintenance of their holders without the detriment of modifying any distribution of the parish tithe, that it would have supposed a greater opposition to the one that already existed during a century later.

Knossos: ‘Geometric’ tombs excavated by D. G. Hogarth, 1900

The six ‘Geometric’ tombs excavated by D. G. Hogarth at Knossos in April 1900 are hitherto known only from his brief report in BSA 6 (1899–1900), 82–5, with massed photographs of pottery from two rich tombs. This article offers a full publication of the fifty vases from these tombs, stored in the reserves of the Herakleion Museum. Although excavation records do not survive, all the extant pottery can be assigned with reasonable certainty to individual tombs by collating various sources, including Hogarth's own personal diary. By today's terminology, only tomb 3 contains truly Geometric material, all the others date from the Subminoan and Protogeometric periods. The tombs lie along a well-known ‘Via Appia’ of Minoan times, where Early Greek families, of at least moderate wealth, made much reuse of Minoan chamber tombs. With some evidence of continuity from the latest Minoan burials in this cemetery area, Hogarth's tombs seem to form a small nucleus with origins quite independent of the main North Cemetery under the Medical Faculty site.

Evidence that cryptomonad chloroplasts evolved from photosynthetic eukaryotic endosymbionts

Unicellular algae of the division Cryptophyta possess an unusual subcellular compartment of unknown derivation. This compartment, which is partitioned off from the main cytoplasm by two membranes, contains a chloroplast and a small nucleus-like organelle surrounded by ribosomelike particles. Electron-microscopic in situ hybridization has been used to show that the ribosomes in this subcellular compartment are eukaryotic. In addition, eukaryotic rRNA has been localised within the nucleus-like organelle, suggesting that the rRNAs may be transcribed from genes in this nucleus. This identification of a second, nucleuscontaining eukaryotic compartment within these cells supports the hypothesis that cryptomonads contain a reduced photosynthetic eukaryotic endosymbiont.

Structures of Central Bulges and Nuclei of Galaxies

The isophotal surfaces of central bulges of normal spirals, often described as ‘spheroidal’, are shown to depart from ellipsoids of revolution and to resemble MacLaurin or Jacobi spheroids with zonal distortion; two typical examples, NGC 4565, 5746, are illustrated. Weaker examples are NGC 2683, 4594 and 891. Stronger examples are NGC 7332 and 128.The true nucleus of an ordinary spiral is at most a very small object (~ 10 pc) resolved only in the nearest galaxies. The apparently larger nuclei seen in more distant spirals and lenticulars, in particular the so-called N-types, are probably artifacts due to insufficient resolution. It is possible that even in M31 the small ‘nucleus’ is merely the seeing-convolved image of the central peak in the r1/4 luminosity distribution of the spheroidal component.In the nearest barred lenticulars and early spirals each large ellipsoidal ‘nucleus’ (~ 1.0 × 1.5 kpc) in the centre of the bar or central lens is found to include a second bar and inner nucleus on a smaller scale, in the approximate ratio of the corresponding Jeans' lengths. This is illustrated by high resolution photographs of NGC 1291; another example is NGC 1326.

XXII. The Grateful Lion

I have recently expressed the opinion that the story of Androcles and the Lion, a tour de force by Apion the Egyptian, was suggested to its author by an actual occurrence in the amphitheatre at Rome; and that Apion supplied both motivation and decorative incident out of his own fertile fancy, much as a journalist of our own time would elaborate a column sensation out of a small nucleus of fact.