Vitreoretinal surgery

This chapter explores vitreoretinal surgery. It starts off with a detailed examination of retinal anatomy, including a discussion of retinal embryology, and then discusses the physiology of the retina. Next, it outlines the clinical skills of posterior segment history taking and examination. It then discusses the use of diagnostic lenses, which enable visualization of the fundus by neutralizing the optical power of the eye (direct lenses) or increasing the refractive power of the eye to create an inverted real image of the fundus anterior to the eye (indirect lenses). It then continues with a discussion of the practical skills of optical coherence tomography, ultrasonography, and retinal photocoagulation. The chapter also outlines clinical knowledge areas of vitreous disorders, retinal detachment, peripheral retinal abnormalities, macular surgery, submacular surgery, retinal tumours, choroidal tumours, vitreoretinopathies, and posterior segment trauma.

Vitreoretinal surgery

This chapter begins by looking at retinal anatomy and physiology, before covering key clinical and practical skills, namely posterior segment history taking and examination, diagnostic lenses, optical coherence tomography, ultrasonography, and retinal photocoagulation. The following areas of clinical knowledge are then discussed: vitreous disorders, retinal detachment, peripheral retinal abnormalities, macular surgery, submacular surgery, retinal tumours, choroidal tumours, vitreoretinopathies, retinopathy of prematurity, and posterior segment trauma. The chapter concludes with two case-based discussions, on retinal detachment and elevated fundal mass.