Vitreoretinal surgery

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred K. Chen ◽  
Simon D.M. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Clinical Knowledge ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Submacular Surgery ◽  
Case Based ◽  
Retinal Photocoagulation

This chapter begins by looking at retinal anatomy and physiology, before covering key clinical and practical skills, namely posterior segment history taking and examination, diagnostic lenses, optical coherence tomography, ultrasonography, and retinal photocoagulation. The following areas of clinical knowledge are then discussed: vitreous disorders, retinal detachment, peripheral retinal abnormalities, macular surgery, submacular surgery, retinal tumours, choroidal tumours, vitreoretinopathies, retinopathy of prematurity, and posterior segment trauma. The chapter concludes with two case-based discussions, on retinal detachment and elevated fundal mass.

Vitreoretinal surgery

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidath E. Liyanage ◽  
Fred K. Chen ◽  
James W. Bainbridge
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Real Image ◽  
Clinical Knowledge ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Submacular Surgery ◽  
Retinal Photocoagulation

This chapter explores vitreoretinal surgery. It starts off with a detailed examination of retinal anatomy, including a discussion of retinal embryology, and then discusses the physiology of the retina. Next, it outlines the clinical skills of posterior segment history taking and examination. It then discusses the use of diagnostic lenses, which enable visualization of the fundus by neutralizing the optical power of the eye (direct lenses) or increasing the refractive power of the eye to create an inverted real image of the fundus anterior to the eye (indirect lenses). It then continues with a discussion of the practical skills of optical coherence tomography, ultrasonography, and retinal photocoagulation. The chapter also outlines clinical knowledge areas of vitreous disorders, retinal detachment, peripheral retinal abnormalities, macular surgery, submacular surgery, retinal tumours, choroidal tumours, vitreoretinopathies, and posterior segment trauma.

Oculoplastics

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allon Barsam ◽  
Jimmy Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Clinical Knowledge ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections ◽  
Case Based

This chapter begins by looking at the eyelid and nasolacrimal system anatomy, before covering the key areas of clinical knowledge, namely lash abnormality, entropion, ectropion, ptosis, benign lid lesions, premalignant and malignant lid lesions, epiphora, acquired nasolacrimal system abnormalities, and congenital abnormalities. Clinical and practical skills are then covered, including ptosis examination, evaluation of the patient with acquired epiphora, incision and curettage of chalazion, syringing and probing, and botulinum-toxin injections. The chapter concludes with three case-based discussions, on epiphora, ptosis, and lid lump.

scholarly journals Posterior segment intraocular foreign body with secondary retinal detachment in a phakic eye: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-378
Author(s):  
Dr. Amit C Porwal ◽  
◽  
Dr. Hardik Jain ◽  
Dr. Pratik Mahajan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Intraocular Foreign Body ◽  
Current Case

Intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) are an important cause of visual loss. The current case describesa case of retained intraocular foreign body with secondary retinal detachment in a phakic eye in a38-year-old man. The foreign body was safely removed through the sclerotomy port withouttouching the crystalline lens. The current case report wanted to show the anatomic and visualoutcomes of vitreoretinal surgery in such cases.

scholarly journals On functional results of treatment of recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after multiple endovitreal interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Andrei D. Shchukin
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Scleral Buckling ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
The City ◽  
Retinal Photocoagulation

The present report is an extension of the study, in which on a large clinical material, the ratio of procedures used at this time for retinal detachment was shown, and the frequency of relapses after extrascleral and endovitreal surgeries was analyzed. The purpose of the study is to determine the terms of relapse occurrence, and to estimate visual function after multiple endovitreal procedures. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in the Ophthalmological Center of the City Hospital No. 2 of St. Petersburg. The data of 116 case histories of 23 patients (28 eyes) repeatedly admitted to the department of vitreoretinal surgery of the center and operated (2 to 7 times) for recurrent rhematogenous retinal detachment in 2015-2016 were analyzed. Results. Multistage endovitreal surgery in patients with recurrent retinal detachment in most cases (78.6%) leads to significant decrease of visual functions; in incomplete retinal adherence in the lower segments after extrascleral surgery, additional scleral buckling or barrier laser retinal photocoagulation can be used.

scholarly journals Posterior segment involvelent in remote lightning strike

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Atul Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Macular Oedema ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Lightning Strike ◽  
Retinal Haemorrhage ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies ◽  
Retinal Oedema ◽  
Multiple Cranial Nerve

Some form of ophthalmic injury is seen in the majority of lightening victims. These may be anterior segment involvement, mostly the cornea. Other lesion on the anterior segment include uveitis, hyphaema, cataract and dislocated lens. Posterior segment lesion include vitreous haemorrhage, retinal oedema, retinal haemorrhage, retinal detachment, cystoids macular oedema, chorioretinalrupture, maculopathy, CRVO and CRAO. Neuro-ophthalmic lesion include loss of pupillaryreflex, anisocoria, horner syndrome, multiple cranial nerve palsies and nystagmus.

scholarly journals Surgical Management of Traumatic Retinal Detachment with Primary Vitrectomy in Adult Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nowomiejska ◽  
Tomasz Choragiewicz ◽  
Dorota Borowicz ◽  
Agnieszka Brzozowska ◽  
Joanna Moneta-Wielgos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Primary Vitrectomy ◽  
Eye Trauma ◽  
Open Globe ◽  
Pars Plana ◽  
23 Gauge

Purpose.To evaluate functional and anatomical results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in the retinal detachment (RD) followed by severe eye trauma.Methods.Retrospective analysis of medical records of forty-one consecutive patients treated with 23-gauge PPV due to traumatic RD. Age, gender, timing of PPV, visual acuity, and presence of intraocular foreign body (IOFB) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) were included in the analysis.Results.Mean age of patients was 47 years; the majority of patients were men (88%). Closed globe injury was present in 21 eyes and open globe injury in 20 eyes (IOFB in 13 eyes, penetration injury in 4 eyes, and eye rupture in 3 eyes). Mean follow-up period was 14 months; mean timing of PPV was 67 days. Twenty-seven (66%) eyes had a functional success; 32 eyes (78%) had anatomical success. As a tamponade silicone oil was used in 33 cases and SF6 gas in 8 cases.Conclusions.Severe eye injuries are potentially devastating for vision, but vitreoretinal surgery can improve anatomical and functional outcomes. Among analysed pre- and intra- and postoperative factors, absence of PVR, postoperative retinal attachment, and silicone oil as a tamponade were related to significantly improved visual acuity.

Direct Transretinal Removal of Subfoveal Perfluorocarbon Liquid: The Role and Timing of Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano De Cillà ◽  
Micol Alkabes ◽  
Paolo Radice ◽  
Elisa Carini ◽  
Carlos Mateo
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Internal Limiting Membrane ◽  
Perfluorocarbon Liquid ◽  
Ilm Peeling ◽  
The Status ◽  
Anatomic Results ◽  
Silicone Oil Tamponade

Purpose To describe a case series including 4 patients undergoing direct transretinal aspiration of subfoveal perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling after macula-off retinal detachment surgery. Methods Four patients who had undergone vitreoretinal surgery due to primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were further treated because of retained subfoveal PFCL. Direct transretinal aspiration of PFCL through a self-sealing foveal retinotomy was performed in all cases using a 41-G needle placed on the top of the bubble. The ILM was peeled off prior to and after PFCL removal in 2 cases, respectively. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively to assess the status of the macula. Results Subfoveal PFCL was successfully removed in all cases. Two patients had silicone oil tamponade at the time of the second surgery, which was temporarily removed in both cases and then reapplied in one. Best-corrected visual acuity improved in all cases. No postoperative macular hole was observed by OCT. Conclusions Direct transretinal aspiration of subfoveal PFCL with a 41-G cannula combined with conventional ILM peeling is a safe and effective technique to avoid long-term damage to the retinal layers with good functional outcomes. Performing the ILM peeling immediately before or after the PFCL aspiration does not seem to influence anatomic results.

Dizziness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Kerber ◽  
Robert W. Baloh
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular System ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Background Information ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Symptom Presentation ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
Key Aspects

Dizziness is the quintessential symptom presentation in all of clinical medicine. It is a common reason that patients present to a physician. This chapter provides background information about the vestibular system, then reviews key aspects of history-taking and examination of the patient, then discusses specific disorders and common presentation types. Throughout the chapter the focus is on neurologic and vestibular disorders. Normal vestibular anatomy and physiology are discussed, followed by recommendations for history-taking and the physical examination. Specific disorders that cause dizziness are explored, along with common causes of non-specific dizziness. Common presentations are discussed, including acute severe dizziness, recurrent attacks, and recurrent positional vertigo. Finally, the chapter looks at laboratory investigations in diagnosis and management. Figures include population prevalence of dizziness symptoms, the anatomy of inner structures, primary afferent vestibular nerve activity, the head thrust test, the Dix-Hallpike maneuver, the supine positional test, the canalith repositioning procedure, and the barbecue roll maneuver. Tables list physiologic properties and clinical features of the components of the peripheral vestibular system, information to be acquired from history of the present illness, common symptoms patients report as dizziness, examination components, distinguishing among common peripheral and central vertigo syndromes, common causes of nonspecific dizziness, types of dizziness presentations, relevant imaging abnormalities on neuroimaging studies, vestibular testing components, and medical therapy for symptomatic dizziness. This review contains 8 highly rendered figures, 11 tables, and 69 references.

Dizziness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Kerber ◽  
Robert W. Baloh
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular System ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Background Information ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Symptom Presentation ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
Key Aspects

Dizziness is the quintessential symptom presentation in all of clinical medicine. It is a common reason that patients present to a physician. This chapter provides background information about the vestibular system, then reviews key aspects of history-taking and examination of the patient, then discusses specific disorders and common presentation types. Throughout the chapter the focus is on neurologic and vestibular disorders. Normal vestibular anatomy and physiology are discussed, followed by recommendations for history-taking and the physical examination. Specific disorders that cause dizziness are explored, along with common causes of non-specific dizziness. Common presentations are discussed, including acute severe dizziness, recurrent attacks, and recurrent positional vertigo. Finally, the chapter looks at laboratory investigations in diagnosis and management. Figures include population prevalence of dizziness symptoms, the anatomy of inner structures, primary afferent vestibular nerve activity, the head thrust test, the Dix-Hallpike maneuver, the supine positional test, the canalith repositioning procedure, and the barbecue roll maneuver. Tables list physiologic properties and clinical features of the components of the peripheral vestibular system, information to be acquired from history of the present illness, common symptoms patients report as dizziness, examination components, distinguishing among common peripheral and central vertigo syndromes, common causes of nonspecific dizziness, types of dizziness presentations, relevant imaging abnormalities on neuroimaging studies, vestibular testing components, and medical therapy for symptomatic dizziness. This review contains 8 highly rendered figures, 11 tables, and 69 references.

Outcomes of 27 gauge pars plana vitrectomy for a variety of posterior segment diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2570-2575
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amer Awan ◽  
Fiza Shaheen ◽  
Kholood Janjua
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Pars Plana Vitrectomy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Retinal Vasculitis ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Silicon Oil ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Pars Plana

Objective:  To report our experience with 27 gauge (27G) pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) system for a variety of simple to complex posterior segment disorders Methods: Single center, Retrospective, Cohort study. Data of 665 eyes of 574 patients that underwent 27G PPV for a variety of indications from July 2015 to June 2019 at a tertiary care hospital was analyzed. Results: Common surgical indications included; Diabetic tractional retinal detachment (196, 29.5%), vitreous haemorrhage (191, 28.7%), full thickness macular hole (80, 12%), epiretinal membrane (66, 9.9%), endophthalmitis (26, 3.9%), tractional diabetic macular edema (14, 2.1%), ectopia lentis (11, 1.7%), dropped lens matter (13, 2%) and others (68, 10.2%). Mean operating time was 62 ± 37 minutes. With the exception of 2 cases where 20G fragmatome was utilized, no case required conversion to 20 gauge system while a 25G trocar was used for the silicon oil injection. Per-operative complications included; iatrogenic retinal tear (2 eyes, 0.3%) and supra choroidal silicon oil migration (1 eye, 0.15%). Post-operative complications were raised IOP (7 eyes, 1%), endophthalmitis (1 eye, 0.15%), hemorrhagic occlusive retinal vasculitis (1 eye, 0.15%) and retinal detachment (2 eyes, 0.3%). Mean Visual Acuity improved from 1.62 ± 0.68 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) to 0.4 ± 0.38 logMAR (P <0.001). Conclusion: With 3 months follow up time, 27 G PPV has proved to be a safe and effective system for both simpler and complex retinal pathologies requiring significant surgical manipulation. Continuous...

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