Subjectivity Formation of a Technical University Master’s Student: A New Challenge for Engineering Education

An important condition for the digital transformation of education is the subjectivity of students and teachers. The formation of subjectivity as the ability to set one’s own goals and change either oneself or the educational environment to achieve them raises a number of questions: what is meant by the subjectivity of a student and a teacher, what does it mean to be a subject of the educational process, which factors contribute to and which hinder the formation of subjectivity. The authors focus on the conditions that promote and prevent the formation of subjectivity in master’s education of future engineers. Based on a review of foreign and domestic approaches to understanding subjectivity and the conditions for its development, it is concluded that all researchers distinguish similar aspects and manifestations in subjectivity: motivational (intrinsic motivation), emotional-valuable (proactive and responsible attitude to life), regulatory (the ability to set goals and follow them through to the end), cognitive (desire and ability to apply knowledge) and practical (skills, experience of independent activity). It has been established that foreign studies more often consider subjectivity as a resource, which improves the quality of education, while Russian studies consider it as a goal and a result of education. The article describes a taxonomy of subjectivity, which allows to measure it as an educational result. Based on the analysis of necessary and sufficient conditions for subjectivity formation, the hypothesis is made that the sufficient condition for subjectivity formation in mastering the “pedagogics” discipline is stepwise equitable partnership between all subjects of educational process. The condition is specified as a sequence of actions of a teacher and a master’s student in the process of mastering the discipline. The article describes the results of a pedagogical experiment in a group of master’s students of PNRPU Faculty of Civil Engineering, aimed at testing the proposed conditions. The results obtained show that step-bystep organized peer-to-peer interaction enabled most students in the experimental group to achieve the subjectivity level by the end of the discipline, while in the control group most students reached only the objectivity level. The motivational and practical aspects of subjectivity changed most significantly in the experimental group.

How can psychotherapists improve their practice with service users from minoritised ethnicities? An application of the Declarative-Procedural-Reflective (DPR) model of clinical skill development

Many white psychotherapists may lack the skills required to work effectively with service users from minoritised ethnicities. This article proposes that the nature of this skills deficit can be understood through applying the Declarative-Procedural-Reflective (DPR) model of therapist skill development. The DPR model has been used in a range of psychotherapeutic contexts, and it provides a systematic account of how therapists from all modalities develop and can improve their skills. Adapting this model to white therapists’ skills in working with service users from minoritised ethnicities allows the identification of specific areas of skills deficit, and therefore clear recommendations as to how to address those deficits. The application of the DPR model to this context suggests that there are clear areas of skills deficit in terms of knowledge base, the practical skills of carrying out therapy, and the ability of therapists to reflect on their work with service users from minoritised ethnicities. I conclude by making a number of suggestions as to how those deficits could be addressed, both by individual therapists and at a systemic level. Key learning aims (1) To explore why some white psychotherapists find it more difficult to work effectively with service users from minoritised ethnicities. (2) To conceptualise difficulties in working with service users from minoritised ethnicities as an issue of clinical skill, knowledge and attitude development, where therapists’ skills can be improved if specific deficits are appropriately addressed. (3) To use the structure of the DPR model to better understand how deficits in therapists’ skills, knowledge and reflective ability may have an impact on their work with service users from minoritised ethnicities. This allows the identification of specific areas of deficit, and therefore clear recommendations as to how to address those deficits. (4) This is primarily addressed at CBT therapists, but the points raised in this article apply to all schools of therapy.

Developing Cyber Security Competences Through Simulation-Based Learning

The importance of cyber security competences is growing both in practice and in academia during the last few years. This chapter provides a current overview of the existing body of the literature in the field of simulation-based learning and the key cyber security issues. The author's primary goal is to develop a methodological business-oriented and evidence-based learning framework which will provide students or trainees with the opportunity to develop practical skills in the field of cyber security issues through a virtual business simulator. The overall intention is to provide a coherent framework that makes use of active-based learning and gamification to support the active participation of students or trainees. To meet these goals, the Reference Framework for Applied Competences (REFRAC) is applied. Taking into account that in 2040 ICT and internet will be ‘culturally invisible', cyber security competences will be a must for everyone. They will be critical both for personal and companies' survival in the turbulent and highly competitive digital environment.

Measuring Developers' Software Security Skills, Usage, and Training Needs

Software security does not emerge fully formed by divine intervention in deserving software development organizations; it requires that developers have the required theoretical background and practical skills to enable them to write secure software, and that the software security activities are actually performed, not just documented procedures that sit gathering dust on a shelf. In this chapter, the authors present a survey instrument that can be used to investigate software security usage, competence, and training needs in agile organizations. They present results of using this instrument in two organizations. They find that regardless of cost or benefit, skill drives the kind of activities that are performed, and secure design may be the most important training need.

The peculiarities of practical classes structure during the distance learning on morphology orientated departments

Background. Nowadays distance learning is a necessary measure under pandemic circumstances, therefore, it is important to find out mechanisms to improve its effectiveness. Objective is to increase the efficiency of practical classes’ results during distance learning. Methods. Sixty third course international EAs (specialty "222 Medicine", second master's level) were divided into two equal groups with two different teaching approaches of practical classes: control with classical one (material discussion followed by the practical skills implementation) and experimental with a changed indicated stages order. The data of 3 controls (pretest, intermediate test and posttest) during practical classes in the course of one semester were analyzed by criteria for non-normal distribution. Results. Pretest and posttest results were not significantly different in both tested and control groups within different performing level EAs (p>0.05). The data of intermediate tests were familiar in groups of EAs who permanently have either average (p>0.05) or insufficient grades (p>0.05), but increased in groups of EAs with constant low (p≤0,05) and high (p<0,05) scores. Conclusion. Our study showed that academic performance did not heavily depend on performed practical classes’ structure. However, the critical discussion of low- and high-performing EAs' mistakes lead to improvement of their understanding of nuances of gross specimen and slide description, in other words, the implementation of a number of special and general competencies enhancement. All in all, data showd that exit control results as well as final grades depended not so much on the educational approach, but on the EAs' self-study.

Questions of immunodiagnostics in the teaching of phthisiology for students of the pediatric faculty

The quality of training of medical specialists is laid down during training at a medical university, where basic knowledge and the ability to manipulate them are laid, and, on the basis of the acquired competencies, to form practical skills. The issues of tuberculosis infection occupy a significant part in the work of a pediatrician. First of all, these are the issues of screening the child population for tuberculosis, early detection and specific prevention of tuberculosis. For the effective preparation of students of the pediatric faculty, it is necessary to lay theoretical knowledge in the program, to form practical skills and abilities. Since the detection of tuberculosis patients is carried out in medical institutions of the general pediatric network, it is necessary to master professional competencies. The preparation of students within the framework of the basic specialty "phthisiology" has its own nuances due to the specifics of medical education, the diversity of tuberculosis infection, the peculiarities of the organization and provision of anti-tuberculosis care to the child population. Training in the specialty "phthisiology" requires a large amount of special knowledge, skills, improvement of the interdisciplinary approach, in accordance with the requirements of the federal state educational standard. The article provides an analysis of the ongoing training system for students of the pediatric institute in the online system, presents the experience of the department in teaching students during the period of distance education during the spread of a new coronavirus infection. The assessment of the results of practical training among 6th year students of the pediatric faculty (n = 123). It was revealed that it is not always possible to predict in advance the degree of understanding of the educational material, and even the depth of understanding the questions in the test problems. The use of scientific evidence-based statistical methods for evaluating test items helps in optimizing and objectifying knowledge control and understanding the educational material.

Modern Advantages, Disadvantages and Prospects for the Development of Education in the Context of Distance Learning in the Institutions of Higher Medical Education of Ukraine

The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze the relevance of opportunities and positive and negative features of distance learning in quarantine, development of prospects and identification of the main problems of distance education in the institutions of higher medical education of Ukraine during quarantine. This study depicts the current state, advantages, disadvantages and feasibility of implementing the transition of the institutions of higher medical education in Ukraine from traditional education to mass E-distance education. The purpose of the study is to characterize distance learning, identify the advantages and disadvantages of this form of learning, the ability to use modern computer technology at a high level of both teachers and students; determine the positive and negative use of distance education (educational platforms). Materials and methods. The main research method is a sociological survey method based on a questionnaire survey of medical university students. Results and discussion. The object of the study is distance learning in the institutions of higher medical education of Ukraine. The subject of the study is the current state and prospects for the development of distance learning. The study uses methods of analysis of reference sources and generalization of the features of the studied object, questionnaire. Conclusion. The study reveals the motivation of students to study in quarantine, rapid acquisition of information, the ability to use a computer at a modern level, communication with the teacher from anywhere. Teachers also have a sense of satisfaction with the new opportunities that open up the use of electronic platforms and tools in educational activities. This is an opportunity to find and apply fundamentally new forms and methods of teaching, continuous development and improvement of their own pedagogical skills. Regarding the practical work of future doctors, for distance learning it is necessary to improve the system of knowledge and skills, starting with the technical support of students and teachers and ending with the improvement of the process of distance transfer of practical skills, using the latest technologies. For example, it is necessary to provide students with access to cloud solutions that will allow them to perform practical skills and modeling outdoors, use simulators, training devices, get access to virtual laboratories. It is advisable to use gamification technologies, creation of digital didactic situational games and exercises, which, in addition to improving practical skills, will involve students in distance learning, because game technologies guarantee the attention and motivation of each student. The most appropriate for medical students will be the use of a hybrid model of learning, combining real education with digital one – this is the best model from the standpoint of logistics and accessibility

EDUCOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ACTUALITING OF REGULATORY DOCUMENTATION IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

The main competencies of specialists in the field of knowledge 13 Mechanical engineering appertain the ability to draw up technical documentation, which includes both the design of text documents and drawings of parts, units, assemblies. Over the last decade, there has been a significant update of the standards of both the Unified System of Design Documentation and the Unified System of Technological Documentation. Suitable, according to the principle of education, to ensure the quality of the educational process, the task of implementations modern regulations into the educational process and providing students with practical skills in the design of educational documentation, which is as approximate as possible to the technical future practice. The purpose of the work is to develop proposals for the implementations of relevant regulations in the regulatory and methodological documentation of the educational process to ensure that higher education students acquire practical skills in applying this knowledge in the design of educational documentation with the closest possible approximation to real technical documentation. From the analysis of the requirements of the acting standards that make up the system of design and technological documentation, it follows that their requirements are quite diverse and allow some flexibility of choice, depending on the needs of developers or consumers. Corresponding, according to the provisions of education, the current methodological and regulatory documentation of higher education institutions should provide information to students about the existing system of standards for technical documentation and their practical skills in applying such knowledge. Based on the standards of the Unified System of Technological Documentation and DSTU EN ISO 7200: 2005, proposals have been developed for the design of educational documentation by students of mechanical engineering specialties according to educational and professional programs. The proposals concern the determine of the institution of higher education as the owner of the document, the numbering of documents of the educational process, the designation of sections of the document, page numbering, design of the main inscription of drawings and the title page of text documents. In particular, a numbering system has been developed, which allows to mark the whole set of documents of the educational process of a particular applicant, individual documents by type, separate sections of text documents and drawings. A single form of the main inscription has been developed, which can be used both for text documents and for drawings. The proposed innovations relate mainly to the specialties of mechanical engineering for educational and professional programs. But they can be used, in whole or in part, for other specialties and fields of knowledge.

Remote practical training to gain professional skills and professional experience (nursing) at the medical faculty

Due to the transition of higher educational institutions to remote functioning in the spring of 2020 and the impossibility of conducting nursing practice on the basis of medical establishments it became necessary to create a new form of having classes that would allow students to master practical skills without contacting patients. The article presents the author's methodology of remote practical training in class to obtain professional skills and experience of professional activity (nursing) at the medical faculty. The author offers simple methods of making moulages for students to master practical skills and describes the methodology of organizing and conducting distance classes using these moulages. The pedagogical analysis of one of the classes is carried out. It is shown that the new form of conducting classes allows to individualize the work with students and help each student achieve perfection in mastering the methods of nursing manipulations. The method of giving remote classes described by the author can be used by teachers at practical training in the future, in classes on “nursing” at the medical faculty, in institutes of higher nursing education, and after the removal of epidemiological restrictions imposed due to the spread of a new coronavirus infection, for remote counseling of students undergoing nursing practice in medical establishments outside the Saratov region.